Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. XRD Analysis
2.3. Thin Section
2.4. ASTM C114
2.5. ASTM C1260 Accelerated Mortar Bar Test
2.6. ASTM C1293 Concrete Prism Expansion Test
2.7. SEM-EDX Investigation
2.8. Evaluation of Quartz Size in Aggregate Grains
3. Results
3.1. XRD and Petrographic Analysis
3.2. Expansion Tests and Post-Mortem Microstructure Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The thin section petrographic analysis and XRD analysis showed that the reactive silica in cristobalite form was present in barite aggregate (B2).
- (2)
- The microcrystalline form of quartz, considered reactive, was identified in hematite aggregate (H1) and barite aggregate (B2).
- (3)
- Reactive quartz grains sized 10 to 60 μm were detected in both high-density aggregates, but the content of the microcrystalline quartz was only 0.13% for magnetite aggregate (M1) and 2.67% for hematite aggregate (H1).
- (4)
- According to the ASTM C1260 test, the highest expansion (0.34%) of mortar bars was found for hematite (H1) aggregate, and the smallest (0.03%) for specimens with magnetite (M1) aggregate.
- (5)
- The presence of ASR gel in mortar bars with hematite (H1) and barite (B2) aggregate was confirmed in post-mortem analysis using SEM. The characteristic ASR composition of Si-Ca-Na gel was proven by the SEM-EDS analysis.
- (6)
- Results obtained from the short-term (ASTM C1260) and the long-term (ASTM C1293) test methods permitted the selection of the high-density weight aggregates from among the options available, with no practical reactivity, required for applications in structures of major importance.
- (7)
- The analysis of thin sections showed that aggregates that come from different mining sites, such as barite, vary significantly between in terms of mineral composition. It is important to consider not only the type of a rock as a criterion for its potential for reactivity, but also its mineralogical composition.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Aggregate | LOI | Main Mineral Constituent | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Na2O | K2O | BaO | Mn2O3 | ||
Barite B1 | 1.10 | 4.88 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 2.39 | 0.14 | 30.23 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 59.26 | 0.06 |
Barite B2 | 11.54 | 9.26 | 1.06 | 21.31 | 0.17 | 1.28 | 17.68 | 0.05 | 0.23 | 35.48 | 1.15 |
Barite B3 | 2.05 | 3.56 | 0.73 | 5.52 | 1.58 | 1.05 | 27.59 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 57.23 | 0.04 |
Hematite H1 | 0.50 | 9.83 | 0.68 | 86.74 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 1.62 |
Magnetite M1 | −2.42 1 | 3.39 | 0.51 | 93.72 | 1.72 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.11 |
Property | Magnetite M1 | Barite B1 | Barite B3 |
---|---|---|---|
slump (mm) | 50 | 130 | 50 |
temperature (°C) | 22 | 22 | 22 |
bulk density (kg/m3) | 2776 | 2696 | 2650 |
air content (%) | 0.8 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
fc28 (MPa) | 51.4 | 49.1 | 53.4 |
fc90 (MPa) | 64.9 | 54.5 | 59.5 |
Soluble Alkali | Hematite H1 | Magnetite M1 |
---|---|---|
Na2Osoluble | 4.0 | 105.0 |
K2Osoluble | 1.5 | 162.0 |
Na2Oeqv-soluble | 5.0 | 211.0 |
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Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, D.; Glinicki, M.A.; Gibas, K.; Baran, T. Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete. Materials 2018, 11, 2284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112284
Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka D, Glinicki MA, Gibas K, Baran T. Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete. Materials. 2018; 11(11):2284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112284
Chicago/Turabian StyleJóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, Daria, Michał A. Glinicki, Karolina Gibas, and Tomasz Baran. 2018. "Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete" Materials 11, no. 11: 2284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11112284