Forecasting the State of Health of Electric Vehicle Batteries to Evaluate the Viability of Car Sharing Practices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Car-Sharing Practices and Their Users
3. Consumer Insight—Driving and Charging Behavior
4. Methodology
5. Effect of Car-Sharing Practices on Battery State of Health
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic | Co-Housing Members | Car-Sharing Company Members | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of users | 35 | 24,000 | |
Users per vehicle | 12 | 28 | |
Gender | Male | 47.06% | 58.43% |
Female | 52.94% | 44.94% | |
Age | 18–25 | 22.86% | 7.87% |
26–45 | 20.59% | 58.40% | |
45–65 | 55.88% | 37.10% | |
Marital status | Single | 26.47% | 33.71% |
Married or co-habiting | 73.53% | 65.17% | |
Number of children | 0 | 20.59% | 65.17% |
1 | 20.59% | 14.61% | |
2 | 11.76% | 16.85% | |
3+ | 47.06% | 2.25% |
Engine | General | Battery | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Power | Maximum Speed | Autonomy | Consumption | Type | Usable Capacity | Quoted Capacity |
Synchronous motor/three-phase permanent magnet | 47 kW | 130 km/h | 160 km (according to Japanese 10–15 test mode) | 167 Wh/km (NEDC cycle) | Lithium-ion | 14.2 kWh | 16 kWh |
Goodness of Fit Measure | Co-Housing | Car-Sharing Company |
---|---|---|
Least squares deviation | 1.605182 | 1.699434 |
Average deviation | 0.949703 | 1.07033 |
Relative squared error | 0.000184 | 0.00030 |
Relative absolute deviation | 0.010116 | 0.01410 |
Capacity Loss Element | Component | EV (Co-Housing) | EV (Car-Sharing Practice) |
---|---|---|---|
lcalendar | Stemp | Similar | Similar |
SoC | In average, lower | In average, higher | |
lcycle | Cr | Lower percentage of fast recharging | Higher percentage of fast recharging |
btemp | Not available | Not available | |
SoC | In average, lower | In average, higher | |
DoD | In average, lower | In average, higher |
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Semanjski, I.; Gautama, S. Forecasting the State of Health of Electric Vehicle Batteries to Evaluate the Viability of Car Sharing Practices. Energies 2016, 9, 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121025
Semanjski I, Gautama S. Forecasting the State of Health of Electric Vehicle Batteries to Evaluate the Viability of Car Sharing Practices. Energies. 2016; 9(12):1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121025
Chicago/Turabian StyleSemanjski, Ivana, and Sidharta Gautama. 2016. "Forecasting the State of Health of Electric Vehicle Batteries to Evaluate the Viability of Car Sharing Practices" Energies 9, no. 12: 1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121025