Energy Optimization and Fuel Economy Investigation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integrated with Diesel/RCCI Engines
Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics Department, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Wenming Yang
Energies 2016, 9(12), 1020; https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121020
Received: 26 September 2016
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Revised: 14 November 2016
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Accepted: 24 November 2016
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Published: 4 December 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internal Combustion Engines 2017)
Among different types of low temperature combustion (LTC) regimes, eactively controlled compression ignition (RCCI) has received a lot of attention as a promising advanced combustion engine technology with high indicated thermal efficiency and low nitrogen oxides ( ) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. In this study, an RCCI engine for the purpose of fuel economy investigation is incorporated in series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) architecture, which allows the engine to run completely in the narrow RCCI mode for common driving cycles. Three different types of energy management control (EMC) strategies are designed and implemented to achieve the best fuel economy. The EMC strategies encompass rule-based control (RBC), offline, and online optimal controllers, including dynamic programing (DP) and model predictive control (MPC), respectively. The simulation results show a 13.1% to 14.2% fuel economy saving by using an RCCI engine over a modern spark ignition (SI) engine in SHEV for different driving cycles. This fuel economy saving is reduced to 3% in comparison with a modern compression ignition (CI) engine, while emissions are significantly lower. Simulation results show that the RCCI engine offers more fuel economy improvement in more aggressive driving cycles (e.g., US06), compared to less aggressive driving cycles (e.g., UDDS). In addition, the MPC results show that sub-optimal fuel economy is achieved by predicting the vehicle speed profile for a time horizon of 70 s.
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Keywords:
hybrid electric vehicle; optimal energy management; model predictive control (MPC); low temperature combustion (LTC); reactively controlled compression ignition (RCCI); diesel; fuel economy; emissions; time horizon
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MDPI and ACS Style
Solouk, A.; Shahbakhti, M. Energy Optimization and Fuel Economy Investigation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integrated with Diesel/RCCI Engines. Energies 2016, 9, 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121020
AMA Style
Solouk A, Shahbakhti M. Energy Optimization and Fuel Economy Investigation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integrated with Diesel/RCCI Engines. Energies. 2016; 9(12):1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121020
Chicago/Turabian StyleSolouk, Ali, and Mahdi Shahbakhti. 2016. "Energy Optimization and Fuel Economy Investigation of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Integrated with Diesel/RCCI Engines" Energies 9, no. 12: 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9121020
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