CFD Analysis of Regenerative Chambers for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Glass Production Plants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Plant Layout
3. Theoretical Modelling
3.1. Geometry and Numerical Details
3.2. Governing Equations
- The viscosity μ is determined according to the Sutherland formula, which proved to be satisfactory for several gases in a wide range of temperature T. For each gas, a specific value of the parameter S, the Sutherland constant, is put into the following expression:
- The equation of state for ideal gases supplies the simplest link between the density, ρ, the average molecular weight, M, and the other thermodynamic variables of the process as follows:
- The specific heat at constant pressure cp can be conveniently described by a fourth-order polynomial expression as from the NIST Database [15], namely:
- The thermal conductivity λ is evaluated according to the Eucken Modified approximation based on the kinetic theory of gases, as follows:
4. Results and Discussion
Concentration | Point | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | B | M | T | |
O2,exp | 20.6 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.5 | 20.3 | 18.2 | 18.7 | 20 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.4 |
O2,calc | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.9 | 20.2 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 19.9 | 20.9 |
CO2,exp | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
CO2,calc | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2.02 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.04 |
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
ai (i = 1–5) | Coefficients in the polynomial expression of the specific heat (Equation (4)) |
Ci | Inertial resistance factor along the i-th direction |
cp | Specific heat at constant pressure |
cv | Specific heat at constant volume |
Fi | Mass flow rate of the i-th fluid |
g | Gravity acceleration |
h | Enthalpy |
k1, k2 | Constant coefficients in Equation (10) |
L | Characteristic length |
M | Average molecular weight |
p | Pressure |
R | Universal gas constant |
S | Sutherland constant in the expression of gas viscosity (Equation (2)) |
Si | Source term of heat exchange between gas stream and porous solid in Equation (6) |
Sp | Source term in momentum balance equation |
T | Temperature |
T′ | Temperature reference value |
t | Time |
U | Average gas velocity |
u | Velocity vector |
V | Total apparent volume of the porous medium |
Wavg | Average vertical velocity |
αi | Porous permeability along the i-th direction |
δ | Thickness of the porous medium |
σw | Relative standard deviation of vertical velocity |
μ | Dynamic viscosity |
λ | Thermal conductivity |
ρ | Density |
ρa | Average reference density |
τ | Shear stress tensor |
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Basso, D.; Cravero, C.; Reverberi, A.P.; Fabiano, B. CFD Analysis of Regenerative Chambers for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Glass Production Plants. Energies 2015, 8, 8945-8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088945
Basso D, Cravero C, Reverberi AP, Fabiano B. CFD Analysis of Regenerative Chambers for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Glass Production Plants. Energies. 2015; 8(8):8945-8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088945
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasso, Davide, Carlo Cravero, Andrea P. Reverberi, and Bruno Fabiano. 2015. "CFD Analysis of Regenerative Chambers for Energy Efficiency Improvement in Glass Production Plants" Energies 8, no. 8: 8945-8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/en8088945