New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. SSF Process
Lignocellulose | Components (wt %) | SSF process (a) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Holocellulose (b) (glucan and xylan) | Lignin | Others | Time (h) | Ethanol (g) (yield (%)) | Xylose (g) (c) (yield (%)) | |
Bamboo | 60.4 (35.9, 23.9) | 17.1 | 22.5 | 72 | 1.29 ± 0.1 (63) | 2.02 ± 0.2 (74) |
Rice straw | 39.0 (29.5, 9.3) | 21.3 | 39.7 | 144 | 1.42 ± 0.0 (85) | 1.01 ± 0.1 (96) |
Silvergrass | 37.5 (28.1, 9.5) | 23.0 | 39.5 | 59 | 1.21 ± 0.1 (76) | 1.00 ± 0.4 (97) |
2.2. Photo-Reform of Xylose
2.2.1. Determination of Limiting Mole Amount of Hydrogen Evolved from Photo-Reform
1 (b) (H2 (g)) | Run No. | 1 (mg) (1/catalyst) | Irradn. Time (h) (c) | Volume (mL) | Molar Ratio | H2max (e) (CO2max) | H2 (g) (f) (yield (%)) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (d) | H2 | CO2 | H2/1 | CO2/1 | ||||||
From bamboo (0.362) | 1 | 53 (0.3) | 52 | 110 | 73 | 37 | 9.35 | 4.68 | 10.0 (5.0) | 0.269 (74) |
2 | 75 (0.4) | 58 | 152 | 101 | 51 | 9.05 | 4.52 | |||
3 | 113 (0.6) | 100 | 166 | 149 | 74 | 8.87 | 4.40 | |||
4 | 150 (0.8) | 147 | 230 | 193 | 97 | 8.62 | 4.33 | |||
5 | 188 (1.0) | 124 | 270 | 216 | 108 | 7.71 | 3.86 | |||
From rice straw (0.141) | 6 | 38 (0.2) | 69 | 84 | 56 | 28 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.1 (5.1) | 0.136 (96) |
7 | 75 (0.4) | 74 | 155 | 103 | 52 | 9.20 | 4.64 | |||
8 | 113 (0.6) | 87 | 230 | 153 | 77 | 9.11 | 4.58 | |||
9 | 150 (0.8) | 102 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 8.93 | 4.46 | |||
10 | 188 (1.0) | 130 | 355 | 243 | 122 | 8.68 | 4.36 | |||
From silvergrass (0.139) | 11 | 38 (0.2) | 49 | 80 | 53 | 27 | 9.46 | 4.82 | 10.1 (5.0) | 0.134 (97) |
12 | 75 (0.4) | 58 | 136 | 91 | 45 | 8.13 | 4.02 | |||
13 | 113 (0.6) | 70 | 170 | 113 | 57 | 6.73 | 3.39 | |||
14 | 150 (0.8) | 106 | 185 | 123 | 62 | 5.49 | 2.77 | |||
15 | 188 (1.0) | 155 | 215 | 143 | 72 | 5.11 | 2.57 |
2.2.2. Reuse of Photocatalyst
2.3. Evaluation by Combustion Energy
Lignocellulose | Biofuels | Eff (%) (d) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H0 (kJ) (WG, WX) (a) | H (kJ) (b) (weight (g)) | HF (kJ) (c) | |||
C2H5OH | H2 | ||||
Bamboo | 104.5 (3.99, 2.72) | 38.3 (1.29) | 38.3 (0.269) | 76.6 | 73.4 |
Rice straw | 67.6 (3.28, 1.06) | 42.2 (1.42) | 19.4 (0.136) | 61.6 | 91.1 |
Silvergrass | 64.8 (3.12, 1.04) | 36.0 (1.21) | 19.1 (0.134) | 55.1 | 85.0 |
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemical Components of Lignocellulose
3.2. Hydrolytic Enzyme and Preparation of the Inoculum Culture of S. cerevisiae
3.3. Procedures of SSF
3.4. Procedures of Photo-Reform
3.5. Preparation of Photocatalyst
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yasuda, M.; Kurogi, R.; Tsumagari, H.; Shiragami, T.; Matsumoto, T. New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming. Energies 2014, 7, 4087-4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074087
Yasuda M, Kurogi R, Tsumagari H, Shiragami T, Matsumoto T. New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming. Energies. 2014; 7(7):4087-4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074087
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasuda, Masahide, Ryo Kurogi, Hikaru Tsumagari, Tsutomu Shiragami, and Tomoko Matsumoto. 2014. "New Approach to Fuelization of Herbaceous Lignocelluloses through Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Followed by Photocatalytic Reforming" Energies 7, no. 7: 4087-4097. https://doi.org/10.3390/en7074087