Similarity Analysis in Scaling a Gas Hydrates Reservoir
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Experimental Apparatus
2.2. Experimental Method
3. Scaling Criteria
3.1. Mathematical Model
3.2. Calculation
- π1 and π2 are the dimensionless permeabilities of water and gas, respectively;
- π3 is the dimensionless absolutely permeability;
- π4–π11 are the similarities of geometry, well position, and well radius, respectively;
- π12–π14 are the density ratios of hydrate to gas, rock to gas, and water to hydrate, respectively;
- π15–π17 are the conductivity coefficient ratios of gas to water, hydrate to water, and rock to water, respectively;
- π18–π20 are the specific heat ratios of gas to water, hydrate to water, and rock to water, respectively;
- π21 is the dimensionless dissociation heat of hydrate;
- π22 and π23 are the ratios of hydrate equilibrium pressure to gas production pressure, and initial gas pressure to gas production pressure, respectively;
- π24 is the dimensionless temperature in the hydrate reservoir;
- π25 is the dimensionless injection temperature;
- π26 is the dimensionless initial gas saturation;
- π27 is the initial hydrate saturation;
- π28 and π29 are the saturation of residual gas and residual water, respectively;
- π30 is the total porosity;
- π31 is the mobility ratio of the water in residual gas and the gas in residual water;
- π32 is the amount ratio of gas flow per unite area to gas production per unite area in hydrate sediment;
- π33 is the ratio of conduction heat to hydrate dissociation heat per unite time;
- π34 is the ratio of capillary force to gas production pressure;
- π35 is the amount ratio of water flow per unite area to water production per unite area in hydrate sediment;
- π36 is the dimensionless gravity.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Production Process
4.2. Similar Model
Parameters | L/m | H/m | W/m | qI /m3s−1 | r0/m | Sh |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CHS | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 6.7 × 10−7 | 2 × 10−3 | 0.310 |
Scaling model | 18 | 18 | 18 | 3.1 × 10−2 | 1 × 10−1 | 0.310 |
Parameters | TI/°C | ø 0 | Pgp/MPa | g/ms−2 | t/min | Q/m3 |
CHS | 130 | 0.46 | 6.5 | 9.8 | 100 | 0.152 |
Scaling model | 130 | 0.46 | 6.5 | 9.8 | 2154 | 1.52 × 105 |
5. Conclusions
Nomenclature
Abbreviation
CHS | Cubic Hydrate Simulator |
Symbols
V | wellhead |
qi | rate of hot water (mL/min) |
Ti | temperature of hot water (K) |
x, y, z | coordinates |
ø | porosity |
ø0 | total porosity |
øe | effective porosity |
s | saturation |
P | pressure (MPa) |
µ | viscosity (Pa S) |
ρ | density (kg m−3) |
K | permeability (m−2) |
K0 | maximum absolute permeability (m−2) |
mass rate (m3 s−1) | |
h | specific heat (J kg−1K−1) |
λ | conductivity coefficient (w m−1 K−1) |
q | heat changes on boundary (J) |
g | the gravitational acceleration (m s−2) |
xp, yp | coordinates of the production well (m) |
xI, yI | coordinates of the injection well (m) |
r0 | well radii (m) |
re0 | effective radii of well (m) |
∆H | enthalpy change of hydrate decomposition (J) |
M | molecular weight |
Nh | coefficient of dissociation reaction (5.8) |
As | specific surface area of porous media (m2) |
f | gas fugacity (Pa) |
kd | the dissociation constant |
L | length (m) |
H | thickness (m) |
W | width (m) |
Q | volume of gas production (m3) |
σ | gas throttle coefficient |
Subscripts
i | initial |
p | production |
g | gas |
w | water |
h | hydrate |
r | rock |
eq | phase equilibrium |
D | dimensionless |
m | model |
f | prototype |
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
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Wang, Y.; Xu, C.-G.; Li, X.-S.; Li, G.; Chen, Z.-Y. Similarity Analysis in Scaling a Gas Hydrates Reservoir. Energies 2013, 6, 2468-2480. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052468
Wang Y, Xu C-G, Li X-S, Li G, Chen Z-Y. Similarity Analysis in Scaling a Gas Hydrates Reservoir. Energies. 2013; 6(5):2468-2480. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052468
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yi, Chun-Gang Xu, Xiao-Sen Li, Gang Li, and Zhao-Yang Chen. 2013. "Similarity Analysis in Scaling a Gas Hydrates Reservoir" Energies 6, no. 5: 2468-2480. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052468