Application of Coordinated SOFC and SMES Robust Control for Stabilizing Tie-Line Power
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Microgrid Model
2.1. Wind Power and Load Models
2.2. SOFC Models
2.3. SMES Models
3. H∞ Optimal Control
3.1. H∞ Mixed-Sensitivity Problem
3.2. Design Methodology of the Weighting Functions [23,24]
- (1)
- The desirable Ws(s) has low-pass characteristics that ensure the tracking performance and disturbance attenuation. The maximum singular value of the sensitivity function S(s) should be less than the maximum singular value of 1/Ws(s) in all frequency domains:
- (2)
- (3)
- Wt(s) restricts the robust boundary of the system. The maximum singular value of sensitivity function T(s) should be less than the maximum singular value of 1/Wt(s) in all frequency domains:
3.3. PSO-Based Controller Design
- (1)
- Specify the parameters of PSO. Initialize the population of the particles with random positions and velocities within the upper and lower bound values.
- (2)
- Get the generalized plant P(s) of the present parameters and calculate the optimal controllers. Evaluate the cost function for each particle using Equation (30).
- (3)
- Compare the fitness value of each particle with the pbest and gbest.
- (4)
- Update the velocity and position of the particle using Equations (31) and (32).
- (5)
- Check the particle position and velocity and initialize them if they cross the boundaries. Otherwise, increase the iteration by a step.
- (6)
- When the maximum number of iterations is achieved, stop the process. Otherwise, go to step 2).
4. Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Zhang, N.; Gu, W.; Yu, H.; Liu, W. Application of Coordinated SOFC and SMES Robust Control for Stabilizing Tie-Line Power. Energies 2013, 6, 1902-1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041902
Zhang N, Gu W, Yu H, Liu W. Application of Coordinated SOFC and SMES Robust Control for Stabilizing Tie-Line Power. Energies. 2013; 6(4):1902-1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041902
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Ning, Wei Gu, Haojun Yu, and Wei Liu. 2013. "Application of Coordinated SOFC and SMES Robust Control for Stabilizing Tie-Line Power" Energies 6, no. 4: 1902-1917. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6041902