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Open AccessArticle
A New Variable Frequency Modulation Method For a Grid-Tied Inverter with Current Distortion Constraint and MOSFET’s Loss Optimization
by
Hengmen Liu
Hengmen Liu
Wei Chen
Wei Chen
Fang Chen
Fang Chen
Zhong Liu
Zhong Liu
Panbao Wang
Panbao Wang 
1
Yangzhou Power Supply Company of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co. Ltd., Yangzhou 225000, China
2
State Network Yangzhou Jiangdu District Power Supply Company, Yangzhou 225200, China
3
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150006, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2026, 19(2), 503; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020503 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 17 November 2025
/
Revised: 12 January 2026
/
Accepted: 14 January 2026
/
Published: 19 January 2026
Abstract
Variable switching frequency modulation (VSFM) is an easy-to-implement and low-cost method to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) of power electronics, yet changes in loss and harmonic behavior make it hard to decide the parameters of the filter and the switching frequency (SF) variation range. In this article, a new VSFM method characterized by evenly distributed SF is proposed, and it is easy to implement. In order to handle the induced variation in loss and current total harmonic distortion (THD) behavior, current dynamics of a full-bridge grid-tied inverter under constant SF modulation (CSFM) are analyzed through multidimensional Fourier decomposition (MFD), and then the results are extended to VSFM. Based on these dynamics, loss of MOSFETs and THD of grid-connected current are estimated through the trapezoidal integral rule, and the analytical expressions of these indexes can be derived. After this, parameters needed for VSFM can be determined while meeting the minimum MOSFET loss and fixed current THD constraint. The performance of EMI, loss, and current harmonic is revealed through simulations and experiments and compared with the CSFM and classical VSFM methods.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, H.; Chen, W.; Chen, F.; Liu, Z.; Wang, P.
A New Variable Frequency Modulation Method For a Grid-Tied Inverter with Current Distortion Constraint and MOSFET’s Loss Optimization. Energies 2026, 19, 503.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020503
AMA Style
Liu H, Chen W, Chen F, Liu Z, Wang P.
A New Variable Frequency Modulation Method For a Grid-Tied Inverter with Current Distortion Constraint and MOSFET’s Loss Optimization. Energies. 2026; 19(2):503.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020503
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, Hengmen, Wei Chen, Fang Chen, Zhong Liu, and Panbao Wang.
2026. "A New Variable Frequency Modulation Method For a Grid-Tied Inverter with Current Distortion Constraint and MOSFET’s Loss Optimization" Energies 19, no. 2: 503.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020503
APA Style
Liu, H., Chen, W., Chen, F., Liu, Z., & Wang, P.
(2026). A New Variable Frequency Modulation Method For a Grid-Tied Inverter with Current Distortion Constraint and MOSFET’s Loss Optimization. Energies, 19(2), 503.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19020503
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