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Volume 18
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10.3390/en18061410
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Article

Enhancing Grid Stability in Renewable Energy Systems Through Synchronous Condensers: A Case Study on Dedieselization and Assessment Criteria Development

by
Kevin Gausultan Hadith Mangunkusumo
1,*,
Arwindra Rizqiawan
2,
Sriyono Sriyono
1,
Buyung Sofiarto Munir
1,
Putu Agus Pramana
1 and
Muhamad Ridwan
1
1
Transmission and Distribution Department, PLN Research Institute, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
2
School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061410
Submission received: 13 January 2025 / Revised: 10 February 2025 / Accepted: 17 February 2025 / Published: 13 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)
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Abstract

The dedieselization program is one of the PLN’s (Indonesia’s state-owned utility company) programs to reduce the greenhouse gas effect. The program manifestation is the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into isolated island networks by substituting diesel generators. This condition introduces challenges such as diminished system strength, specifically, decreased frequency and voltage stability. This study focuses on Panjang Island, one of the target locations for the PLN’s dedieselization program, which currently relies entirely on diesel generators for electricity. As part of the transition to a PV-based power supply, retired diesel generators are proposed for conversion into synchronous condensers (SCs) to enhance system stability by providing inertia and reactive power support. By employing system modeling, steady-state analysis, and dynamic simulations, this study evaluates the effects of SC penetration on Panjang Island. The findings demonstrate that SCs improve grid stability by offering voltage support, increasing short-circuit capacity, and contributing to system inertia. Furthermore, a system assessment flowchart is also proposed to guide SC deployment based on network characteristics. Short-circuit ratios (SCRs) and voltage drops are evaluated as key parameters to determine the feasibility of SC penetration in a system. Converting retired diesel generators into SCs provides a resilient, stable grid as renewable energy penetration increases, optimizing system performance and reducing network losses.
Keywords: synchronous condenser; dedieselization; diesel generator; system strength; inertia; short-circuit ratio; PV system synchronous condenser; dedieselization; diesel generator; system strength; inertia; short-circuit ratio; PV system

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mangunkusumo, K.G.H.; Rizqiawan, A.; Sriyono, S.; Munir, B.S.; Pramana, P.A.; Ridwan, M. Enhancing Grid Stability in Renewable Energy Systems Through Synchronous Condensers: A Case Study on Dedieselization and Assessment Criteria Development. Energies 2025, 18, 1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061410

AMA Style

Mangunkusumo KGH, Rizqiawan A, Sriyono S, Munir BS, Pramana PA, Ridwan M. Enhancing Grid Stability in Renewable Energy Systems Through Synchronous Condensers: A Case Study on Dedieselization and Assessment Criteria Development. Energies. 2025; 18(6):1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061410

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mangunkusumo, Kevin Gausultan Hadith, Arwindra Rizqiawan, Sriyono Sriyono, Buyung Sofiarto Munir, Putu Agus Pramana, and Muhamad Ridwan. 2025. "Enhancing Grid Stability in Renewable Energy Systems Through Synchronous Condensers: A Case Study on Dedieselization and Assessment Criteria Development" Energies 18, no. 6: 1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061410

APA Style

Mangunkusumo, K. G. H., Rizqiawan, A., Sriyono, S., Munir, B. S., Pramana, P. A., & Ridwan, M. (2025). Enhancing Grid Stability in Renewable Energy Systems Through Synchronous Condensers: A Case Study on Dedieselization and Assessment Criteria Development. Energies, 18(6), 1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061410

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