Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Establishment
2.1. Mathematic Model
2.1.1. Gas Storage Tank
2.1.2. Expander
2.1.3. Shaft
2.1.4. Heat Exchanger
2.2. Modeling Idea and Verification
2.2.1. Speed Control Model
2.2.2. Power Network Model
2.2.3. Power Control Model
2.2.4. Temperature Control Model of Expander Inlet
2.2.5. Load Rejection Control Model
3. Mechanism Analysis
3.1. Decoupling Guard Against the Overspeed Stage
3.2. System Recovery Standby Phase
3.3. Strategy Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The influence of load rejection action from all levels of the cut-off valve on rotor speed after decoupling between the system and load under different working conditions is analyzed, and it is concluded that the residual working fluid is the key to speed control. For a multi-stage expansion CAES system, the only speed control valve (SCV) is limited, so the speed surge can be well prevented by closing the load rejection action of the front-end cut-off valves for all expander levels;
- (2)
- After the operation of the cut-off valve, the speed is quickly controlled, but through analysis of the main factors affecting speed control in the system, after the expander is cut off, high-temperature and high-pressure air will be left in the pipes and heat exchangers in the system, which will cause the speed of the generator to soar again, so it is necessary to discharge the residual working fluid;
- (3)
- Aiming at the key factors of load rejection control of CAES, a new control strategy is proposed; through the action of the cut-off valve between the stages of expanders, the rotational speed is steadily reduced to less than 3000 r/min, and the residual working fluid is discharged. The results show that under a 100% load condition, the speed increment of the optimized load rejection strategy is reduced by 89% compared to the traditional strategy, and the recovery standby practice is reduced by 65%. Compared with the traditional strategy, the speed increment of the optimized load rejection strategy is reduced by 87% and the recovery standby practice is reduced by 41%. Under 50% load conditions, the speed increment of the optimized load rejection strategy is reduced by 86%, and the recovery standby time is reduced by 33%. The speed control effect of the optimized load rejection strategy is much better than that of the traditional strategy.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Unit | Value |
---|---|---|
Produce active power | MW | 10 |
Energy release pressure | MPa | 7 |
Energy storage pressure | MPa | 10 |
Tank volume | m3 | 6000 |
Back pressure | MPa | 0.1 |
Ambient temperature | K | 298 |
Energy Release Duration (10 MW) | s | 6550 |
Heat storage tank temperature | K | 393 |
Heat storage tank pressure | MPa | 20 |
Cold storage tank Temperature | K | 298 |
Cold Storage Tank Pressure | MPa | 0.1 |
n | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unit | bar | bar | °C | °C | % | kg/s | MW | r/min | |
1 | 69.92 | 25.25 | 84.64 | 44.51 | 2.7691 | 0.88 | 32 | 2.70884 | 3000 |
2 | 24.51 | 8.75 | 85.10 | 43.22 | 2.8011 | 0.88 | 32 | 2.67396 | 3000 |
3 | 8.57 | 3.12 | 85.02 | 42.86 | 2.7468 | 0.88 | 32 | 2.42832 | 3000 |
4 | 2.87 | 0.97 | 84.96 | 35.75 | 2.9588 | 0.88 | 32 | 2.45564 | 3000 |
Progression | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 97.9 | 70.8 | 38.8 | 85.3 | 3.1416 |
2 | 99.9 | 71.4 | 35.6 | 85.8 | 3.1416 |
3 | 99.3 | 71.2 | 35.8 | 85.7 | 3.1416 |
4 | 99.4 | 69.8 | 28.4 | 85.2 | 3.1416 |
Exp. No. | Action | Description |
---|---|---|
1 | Do not close the cut-off valve | |
2 | Close only the first-stage cut-off valve | |
3 | Close primary and secondary cut-off valves | |
4 | Close the primary and tertiary cut-off valves | |
5 | Close the first and fourth stage cut-off valves |
Exp. No. | Action | Description |
---|---|---|
1 | Close only the fourth stage cut-off valve | |
2 | Close the third and fourth stage cut-off valves | |
3 | Close the second, third and fourth stage cut-off valves | |
4 | Cut-off valve is fully closed |
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Wu, Y.; Wen, X.; Zhang, S.; Fan, Q.; Ye, H.; Wu, C. Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage. Energies 2025, 18, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020254
Wu Y, Wen X, Zhang S, Fan Q, Ye H, Wu C. Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage. Energies. 2025; 18(2):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020254
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yinghao, Xiankui Wen, Shihai Zhang, Qiang Fan, Huayang Ye, and Chao Wu. 2025. "Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage" Energies 18, no. 2: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020254
APA StyleWu, Y., Wen, X., Zhang, S., Fan, Q., Ye, H., & Wu, C. (2025). Optimization of Load Rejection Regulation for Compressed Air Energy Storage. Energies, 18(2), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020254