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Open AccessArticle
Coordinated Operation Strategy for Large Wind Power Base Considering Wind Power Uncertainty and Frequency Stability Constraint
by
Hongtao Liu
Hongtao Liu 1,
Huifan Xie
Huifan Xie 1,
Jinning Zhang
Jinning Zhang 2
,
Guoteng Wang
Guoteng Wang 2 and
Ying Huang
Ying Huang 2,*
1
China Southern Power Grid Company Limited, CSG, Guangzhou 510663, China
2
College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(17), 4625; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174625 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 6 August 2025
/
Revised: 28 August 2025
/
Accepted: 29 August 2025
/
Published: 30 August 2025
Abstract
In a large wind power base, it becomes unrealistic to rely only on synchronous generators to resist the uncertainty of wind power. A feasible way is to make wind turbines (WTs) and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) participate in frequency regulation. Taking into account the frequency regulation service of WTs and BESSs, the Coordinated Operation Strategy (COS) of the Wind–BESS–Thermal power model will become difficult to solve due to strong nonlinearity. To cope with this challenge, an improved Primary Frequency Regulation (PFR) model is first established considering the frequency regulation of WTs and BESSs. Based on the improved PFR model, the analytical expression of frequency stability constraints is deduced. Next, in view of the wind power uncertainty, the box-type ensemble robust optimization theory is introduced into the day-ahead optimal scheduling, and a robust COS model considering wind power uncertainty and frequency stability constraints is proposed. Then, a linear equivalent transformation method is designed, based on which the original COS model is transformed into a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem. Finally, a modified IEEE 39-bus system is adopted to test the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, H.; Xie, H.; Zhang, J.; Wang, G.; Huang, Y.
Coordinated Operation Strategy for Large Wind Power Base Considering Wind Power Uncertainty and Frequency Stability Constraint. Energies 2025, 18, 4625.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174625
AMA Style
Liu H, Xie H, Zhang J, Wang G, Huang Y.
Coordinated Operation Strategy for Large Wind Power Base Considering Wind Power Uncertainty and Frequency Stability Constraint. Energies. 2025; 18(17):4625.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174625
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, Hongtao, Huifan Xie, Jinning Zhang, Guoteng Wang, and Ying Huang.
2025. "Coordinated Operation Strategy for Large Wind Power Base Considering Wind Power Uncertainty and Frequency Stability Constraint" Energies 18, no. 17: 4625.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174625
APA Style
Liu, H., Xie, H., Zhang, J., Wang, G., & Huang, Y.
(2025). Coordinated Operation Strategy for Large Wind Power Base Considering Wind Power Uncertainty and Frequency Stability Constraint. Energies, 18(17), 4625.
https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174625
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