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Volume 18
Issue 16
10.3390/en18164368
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Steel Hydrogen-Induced Degradation Diagnostics for Turbo Aggregated Rotor Shaft Repair Technologies

by
Alexander I. Balitskii
1,2,*,
Valerii O. Kolesnikov
1,3,
Maria R. Havrilyuk
1,
Valentina O. Balitska
4,
Igor V. Ripey
5,
Marcin A. Królikowski
2 and
Tomasz K. Pudlo
2
1
Department of Strength of the Materials and Structures in Hydrogen-Containing Environments, Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Naukova Str., 79601 Lviv, Ukraine
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 19 Piastow Av., 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
3
Department of Professional Education, Educational and Research Institute of Technology and Commerce, Restaurant and Tourist Business, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, 3 Ivan Bank St., 36003 Poltava, Ukraine
4
Department of Physics and Chemistry of Combustion, Lviv State University of Life Safety, 35 Kleparivska, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine
5
Service Companies Galremenergo, PJSC “DTEK Zakhidenergo”, 15 Kozelnytska Street, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2025, 18(16), 4368; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164368 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 July 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 13 August 2025 / Published: 16 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section A5: Hydrogen Energy)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Rotor equipment material samples with varying degrees of degradation during long-term operation are characterized by lower (up to 17%) corrosion and hydrogen resistance compared to the initial state. The scheme of redistribution of carbides in structural components in the initial state and after long-term operation is presented. The schemes of the turning rotor shaft are visualized, while taking the microstructure features into account. During long-term service, the properties of steels are affected by changes in the parameters of structural components caused by the action of a hydrogen-containing environment. Based on the experimental data, the regression equation and approximation probability R2 value describing the change in the electrochemical parameters of 38KhN3MFA rotor steel samples after 200, 225, 250, and 350 thousand hours of operation were obtained. During machining, an increase in hydrogen content was recorded in the chips, especially from degraded areas of the rotor shaft (up to 7.94 ppm), while in undegraded zones, it ranged from 2.1 to 4.4 ppm. A higher hydrogen concentration was correlated with increased surface roughness. The use of LCLs improved surface quality by 1.5 times compared to LCLp. Dispersion caused by degradation contributed to hydrogen accumulation and changed the nature of material destruction. After repair, the rotors demonstrated stable operation for over 25 thousand hours, with no reappearance of critical defects observed during scheduled inspections.
Keywords: degradation; 38KhN3MFA rotor steel; corrosion resistance; rotor shaft; power equipment; electrochemical studies; hydrogen charging; turbo aggregate rotor shaft; machining; hydrogen accumulation; steel structural components; hydrogen diffusion; screening anions; computer vision methods degradation; 38KhN3MFA rotor steel; corrosion resistance; rotor shaft; power equipment; electrochemical studies; hydrogen charging; turbo aggregate rotor shaft; machining; hydrogen accumulation; steel structural components; hydrogen diffusion; screening anions; computer vision methods

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MDPI and ACS Style

Balitskii, A.I.; Kolesnikov, V.O.; Havrilyuk, M.R.; Balitska, V.O.; Ripey, I.V.; Królikowski, M.A.; Pudlo, T.K. Steel Hydrogen-Induced Degradation Diagnostics for Turbo Aggregated Rotor Shaft Repair Technologies. Energies 2025, 18, 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164368

AMA Style

Balitskii AI, Kolesnikov VO, Havrilyuk MR, Balitska VO, Ripey IV, Królikowski MA, Pudlo TK. Steel Hydrogen-Induced Degradation Diagnostics for Turbo Aggregated Rotor Shaft Repair Technologies. Energies. 2025; 18(16):4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164368

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balitskii, Alexander I., Valerii O. Kolesnikov, Maria R. Havrilyuk, Valentina O. Balitska, Igor V. Ripey, Marcin A. Królikowski, and Tomasz K. Pudlo. 2025. "Steel Hydrogen-Induced Degradation Diagnostics for Turbo Aggregated Rotor Shaft Repair Technologies" Energies 18, no. 16: 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164368

APA Style

Balitskii, A. I., Kolesnikov, V. O., Havrilyuk, M. R., Balitska, V. O., Ripey, I. V., Królikowski, M. A., & Pudlo, T. K. (2025). Steel Hydrogen-Induced Degradation Diagnostics for Turbo Aggregated Rotor Shaft Repair Technologies. Energies, 18(16), 4368. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164368

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