Evaluation of Voltage Variations Arising from the Increase in Photovoltaic Insertion in the Transmission Network: Case Study Coremas-PB Power Plant
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Voltage Regulation Problems
2.1. Steady-State Voltage Variations
2.2. Modeling of Electrical Parameters in a Contingency Situation
3. Electric Network Modeling
3.1. Modeling of the Photovoltaic System in ANAREDE Software
3.2. Transformer Modeling
3.3. Transmission Line
3.4. System Description
4. Methodology
4.1. Description of Scenarios and Results
4.1.1. Scenario 1 (Baseline)—Actual Transmission System with Current Photovoltaic Generation
4.1.2. Scenario 2—Actual Transmission System with Photovoltaic Generation with 50% of the Expected Increase in Active Power Generation
- ➢
- 5408 (MILAGR-CE500)—5411 (MILAGR-CE230),
- ➢
- 5621 (COREMA-PB230)—5623 (COREMA-PB069).
- ➢
- 5621 (COREMA-PB230);
- ➢
- 5411 (MILAGR-CE230);
- ➢
- 5401 (BOM NOME-PE230);
- ➢
- 5959 (RIOALT-PB034);
- ➢
- 5623 (COREMA-PB069);
- ➢
- 5408 (MILAGR-CE500), which are buses close to the PV connection and in the buses;
- ➢
- 5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) and 5001 (P.AFON-BA500), which are buses close to the conventional generation (hydroelectric).
4.1.3. Scenario 3—Actual Transmission System with Photovoltaic Generation with 100% of the Expected Increase in Active Power Generation
- ➢
- 5408 (MILAGR-CE500)—5411 (MILAGR-CE230),
- ➢
- 5621 (COREMA-PB230)—5623 (COREMA-PB069).
4.1.4. Scenario 4—Contingency Analysis with Minimum PV Generation
- ➢
- 5621 (COREMA-PB230);
- ➢
- 5411 (MILAGR-CE230);
- ➢
- 5401 (BOM NOME-PE230);
- ➢
- 5959 (RIOALT-PB034);
- ➢
- 5623 (COREMA-PB069);
- ➢
- 5408 (MILAGR-CE500), which are buses closer to the PV connection; and on the bars:
- ➢
- 5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) and 5001 (P.AFON-BA500), which are buses closer to conventional hydroelectric generation.
4.1.5. Scenario 5—Contingency Analysis with PV Generation under Conditions of 100% PV Generation Increment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rated Operating Voltage | Normal Operating Condition | Operation Condition under Contingency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
(kV) | (kV) | (pu) | (kV) | (pu) |
<230 | ------- | 0.95 to 1.05 | ------- | 0.90 to 1.05 |
230 | 218 to 242 | 0.95 to 1.05 | 207 to 242 | 0.90 to 1.05 |
345 | 328 to 362 | 0.95 to 1.05 | 311 to 362 | 0.90 to 1.05 |
440 | 418 to 460 | 0.95 to 1.046 | 396 to 460 | 0.95 to 1.046 |
500 | 500 to 550 | 1.00 to 1.10 | 475 to 550 | 0.95 to 1.10 |
525 | 500 to 550 | 0.95 to 1.048 | 475 to 550 | 0.90 to 1.048 |
765 | 690 to 800 | 0.90 to 1.046 | 690 to 800 | 0.90 to 1.046 |
Transformer | R (%) | X (%) | B (Mvar) | Capacity (Mva) | Transformation Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
5408 (MILAGR-CE500)–5411 (MILAGR-CE230) | 0 | 0.096 | 0 | 600 | 500/230 kV |
5621 (COREMA-PB230)–5623 (COREMA-PB069) | 0 | 13.19 | 0 | 100 | 230/69 kV |
Transmission Line | R | X | B | Capacity |
---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (MVAr) | (MVA) | |
5428 (QUIXAD-CE500)–5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 0.26 | 2.97 | 399.02 | 2070 |
5050 (L.GONZ-PE500)–5740 (OLINDI-BA500) | 0.31 | 3.1 | 324.34 | 1306 |
5001 (P.AFONS-BA500)–5740 (OLINDI-BA500) | 0.21 | 2.68 | 272.76 | 2165 |
6300 (SOBRAD-BA500)–5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 0.29 | 3.99 | 411.44 | 2165 |
5050 (L.GONZ-PE500)–5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 0.21 | 2.57 | 343.26 | 2186 |
6500 (JUAZEI-BA500)–5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 0.25 | 3.2 | 327.32 | 1732 |
6640 (CURRAL-PI500)–5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 0.155 | 2.231 | 356.98 | 1992 |
5570 (S.J.PI-PI500–6640 (CURRAL-PI500) | 0.134 | 1.92 | 279.9 | 1992 |
5577 (SJ-SB2CAP500)–6300 (SOBRAD-BA500) | 0.153 | 2.272 | 327.32 | 1732 |
6300 (SOBRAD-BA500)–6500 (JUAZEI-BA500) | 0.04 | 0.48 | 47.043 | 2165 |
6500 (JUAZEI-BA500)–5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 0.25 | 3.2 | 327.78 | 2165 |
5411 (MILAGR-CE230)–5621 (COREMA-PB230) | 2.2 | 11.64 | 20.3 | 291 |
5411 (MILAGR-CE230)–5401 (BOM NOME-PE230 | 1.09 | 4.83 | 25.02 | 400 |
5621 (COREMA-PB230)–5958 (RIOALT-PB230) | 0.1466 | 0.7 | 1.287 | 210 |
Bars | Module | Angle | Generation | Load | Static C. | Shunt | Type | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(pu) | (°) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MVAR) | (MVAR) | |||
5621 (COREMA-PB230) | 1.011 | −7.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5411 (MILAGR-CE230) | 1.031 | −7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −46.3 | −21.3 | PQ | On |
5401 (BOM NOME-PE230) | 1.019 | −8.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5959 (RIOALT-PB034) | 1.002 | −2.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1.4 | PQ | On |
5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 1.060 | −6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −112.3 | PQ | On |
5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 1.068 | −4.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5001 (P.AFON-BA500) | 1.069 | −3.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5623 (COREMA-PB069) | 1.029 | −10 | 0 | 0 | 137.3 | 29.9 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
Buses and PV Generators | Module | Angle | Generation | Load | Shunt | Type | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(pu) | (°) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MVAR) | |||
5621 (COREMA-PB230) | 1.09 | −11.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5411 (MILAGR-CE230) | 1.032 | −13.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −21.3 | PQ | On |
5401 (BOM NOME-PE230) | 1.020 | −15.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5959 (RIOALT-PB034) | 0.994 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1.4 | PQ | On |
5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 1.061 | −13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −112.3 | PQ | On |
5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 1.074 | −12.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5001 (P.AFON-BA500) | 1.073 | −11.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5623 (COREMA-PB069) | 1.027 | −13.6 | 0 | 0 | 137.3 | 29.9 | 0 | PQ | On |
Buses | Module | Angle | Generation | Load | Shunt | Type | Status | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(pu) | (°) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MW) | (MVAR) | (MVAR) | |||
5621 (COREMA-PB230) | 0.991 | −4.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5411 (MILAGR-CE230) | 1.028 | −10.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −21.1 | PQ | On |
5401 (BOM NOME-PE230) | 1.017 | −12.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5959 (RIOALT-PB034) | 0.972 | 15.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −1.3 | PQ | On |
5408 (MILAGR-CE500) | 1.059 | −10.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5050 (L.GONZ-PE500) | 1.074 | −9.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5001 (P.AFON-BA500) | 1.073 | −9.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | PQ | On |
5623 (COREMA-PB069) | 1.008 | −7.1 | 0 | 0 | 137.3 | 29.9 | 0 | PQ | On |
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Lobo, F.X.; de Negreiros, G.F.; Torres, I.C.; Tiba, C. Evaluation of Voltage Variations Arising from the Increase in Photovoltaic Insertion in the Transmission Network: Case Study Coremas-PB Power Plant. Energies 2023, 16, 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217310
Lobo FX, de Negreiros GF, Torres IC, Tiba C. Evaluation of Voltage Variations Arising from the Increase in Photovoltaic Insertion in the Transmission Network: Case Study Coremas-PB Power Plant. Energies. 2023; 16(21):7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217310
Chicago/Turabian StyleLobo, Fábio Xavier, Gustavo Fernandes de Negreiros, Igor Cavalcante Torres, and Chigueru Tiba. 2023. "Evaluation of Voltage Variations Arising from the Increase in Photovoltaic Insertion in the Transmission Network: Case Study Coremas-PB Power Plant" Energies 16, no. 21: 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217310
APA StyleLobo, F. X., de Negreiros, G. F., Torres, I. C., & Tiba, C. (2023). Evaluation of Voltage Variations Arising from the Increase in Photovoltaic Insertion in the Transmission Network: Case Study Coremas-PB Power Plant. Energies, 16(21), 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217310