Sustainable Building Policies in Central Europe: Insights and Future Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Historical Development
2.1. European Directives
- (a)
- a general framework for a methodology for calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings;
- (b)
- the application of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings,
- (c)
- the application of minimum energy performance requirements for large existing buildings that are undergoing major renovation;
- (d)
- energy certification;
- (e)
- regular inspections of boilers and air-conditioning systems in buildings and, in addition, to an assessment of heating installations in which the boilers are more than 15 years old.
- (a)
- from 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero energy buildings;
- (b)
- after 31 December 2018, all new buildings, in which public authorities are located and/or are owned by them, are nearly zero energy buildings.
2.2. Central and Eastern Europe
2.3. Ecological Concerns
2.4. Sustainability
3. Energy Price
4. Thermal Insulation
5. Global Environment and EPDB
6. Methodology
- Global warming potential (GWP)
- CO2 storage (in products made from renewable raw materials)
- Ozone depletion materials (ODP)
- Acidification potential (AP)
- Eutrophication potential (EP) or nutrification potential (NP) (excessive fertilization)
- Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP)
- Space requirements
7. Case Study
8. Results
9. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rabenseifer, R.; Hraška, J.; Borovská, E.; Babenko, M.; Hanuliak, P.; Vacek, Š. Sustainable Building Policies in Central Europe: Insights and Future Perspectives. Energies 2022, 15, 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041356
Rabenseifer R, Hraška J, Borovská E, Babenko M, Hanuliak P, Vacek Š. Sustainable Building Policies in Central Europe: Insights and Future Perspectives. Energies. 2022; 15(4):1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041356
Chicago/Turabian StyleRabenseifer, Roman, Jozef Hraška, Edina Borovská, Maryna Babenko, Peter Hanuliak, and Šimon Vacek. 2022. "Sustainable Building Policies in Central Europe: Insights and Future Perspectives" Energies 15, no. 4: 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041356