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Review

Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects

1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
2
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
3
Department of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy, Oregon Tech, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energies 2021, 14(23), 8142; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238142
Submission received: 6 November 2021 / Revised: 18 November 2021 / Accepted: 30 November 2021 / Published: 4 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy & Society)

Abstract

The ambitious target of net-zero emission by 2050 has been aggressively driving the renewable energy sector in many countries. Leading the race of renewable energy sources is solar energy, the fastest growing energy source at present. The solar industry has witnessed more growth in the last decade than it has in the past 40 years, owing to its technological advancements, plummeting costs, and lucrative incentives. The United States is one of the largest producers of solar power in the world and has been a pioneer in solar adoption, with major projects across different technologies, mainly photovoltaic, concentrated solar power, and solar heating and cooling, but is expanding towards floating PV, solar combined with storage, and hybrid power plants. Although the United States has tremendous potential for exploiting solar resources, there is a scarcity of research that details the U.S. solar energy scenario. This paper provides a comprehensive review of solar energy in the U.S., highlighting the drivers of the solar industry in terms of technology, financial incentives, and strategies to overcome challenges. It also discusses the prospects of the future solar market based on extensive background research and the latest statistics. In addition, the paper categorizes the U.S. states into five tiers based on their solar prospects calculated using analytical hierarchy process and regression analysis. The price of solar technologies in the U.S. is also predicted up to 2031 using Wright’s law, which projected a 77% reduction in the next decade.
Keywords: solar energy; United States; photovoltaic vs. concentrated solar power; challenges; future prospects solar energy; United States; photovoltaic vs. concentrated solar power; challenges; future prospects
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MDPI and ACS Style

Tabassum, S.; Rahman, T.; Islam, A.U.; Rahman, S.; Dipta, D.R.; Roy, S.; Mohammad, N.; Nawar, N.; Hossain, E. Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects. Energies 2021, 14, 8142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238142

AMA Style

Tabassum S, Rahman T, Islam AU, Rahman S, Dipta DR, Roy S, Mohammad N, Nawar N, Hossain E. Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects. Energies. 2021; 14(23):8142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238142

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tabassum, Sanzana, Tanvin Rahman, Ashraf Ul Islam, Sumayya Rahman, Debopriya Roy Dipta, Shidhartho Roy, Naeem Mohammad, Nafiu Nawar, and Eklas Hossain. 2021. "Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects" Energies 14, no. 23: 8142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238142

APA Style

Tabassum, S., Rahman, T., Islam, A. U., Rahman, S., Dipta, D. R., Roy, S., Mohammad, N., Nawar, N., & Hossain, E. (2021). Solar Energy in the United States: Development, Challenges and Future Prospects. Energies, 14(23), 8142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14238142

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