Measurement Tests and FEM Calculations of DC Excited Flux Switching Motor Prototype
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Machine and It’s Operation
2.2. Test Bench and Test Scenarios
- Measurement of the resistance of the machine windings in the cold and hot state. Measurements were made using Voltmeter-Ammeter DC method with accurate voltage measurement;
- Measurement of self- and mutual inductances of armature phases as a function of rotor position. Measurements were made using an ammeter AC, two voltmeters AC and wattmeter, with accurate voltage measurement, supplying one phase of the armature with sinusoidal voltage. The measuring current was sinusoidal and its RMS value was . Therefore the measurement was performed with the machine’s magnetic circuit unsaturated;
- Measurement of armature inductances and as for a synchronous machine. Measurements were made using an ammeter AC, voltmeter AC, and wattmeter, with accurate voltage measurement, supplying two phases of the armature (connected in wye) with sinusoidal voltage, with two rotor positions: corresponding to the maximum measured inductance (as ) and it’s minimum (as ). The measuring current was sinusoidal and its RMS value was ;
- Measurement of a field winding inductance as a function of rotor position and mutual inductance between field winding and one armature phase. Measurements were made using an ammeter AC, two voltmeters AC, and wattmeter, with accurate voltage measurement, supplying the field winding with sinusoidal voltage. The measuring current was sinusoidal and its RMS value was ;
- Recordings of phase and phase-to-phase EMF waveforms induced in the armature, as a function of the field current (DC), when driving the motor with a constant speed (as an idling generator).
- Measurement of the RMS values of the armature currents as a function of the load torque, at different field currents and different rotation speeds of the motor;
- Measurement of the motor efficiency as a function of the load torque, at different field currents and different motor rotation speeds;
- Measurement of the angular characteristic of the motor starting torque;
- Recordings of phase waveforms of motor voltages and currents when the motor is powered by the inverter.
3. Results
- Confirmation of the thesis about the functioning of the motor as a cylindrical, under-excited, synchronous motor;
- Measurement of the alternating component of the motor torque (Figure 16);
- Confirmation of the motor’s ability to generate starting torque (Figure 17);
- Confirmation of the correctness of the vector control (FOC) of the motor by the inverter as a PMSM motor (Figure 18).
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The motor can be vector controlled (FOC) like the PMSM because it can be identified as a cylindrical, under-excited synchronous machine and it has the same operating properties, even though it is not a rotating field machine;
- The motor is capable of self-starting with the excitation on. Practically the starting has to be performed as frequency starting within the vector control of the motor;
- The waveforms of the machine’s currents and internal phase-to-phase EMFs are practically sinusoidal;
- In the tested range of armature and field current changes, the torque of the motor depends linearly on the RMS value of the armature phase currents and is inversely proportional to the value of the field current. The nature of the latter dependence depends on the degree of saturation of the magnetic circuit of the machine, caused practically exclusively by the armature currents;
- The measurement results indicate the need to redesign the field winding. Currently, both its power losses and operating temperature are too high. For example, this winding may have a greater number of turns to reduce the power losses from (at ) to at least half this value. This will require doubling the number of turns, halving the rated field current (). This requires double enlarging the stator slots for the field winding which reduces the current density twice;
- It is advisable to redesign the magnetic circuit of the machine to reduce the influence of the armature currents on its saturation. This would make it possible to obtain a larger excitation flux at the same field current, and, consequently, to obtain higher torques at the same RMS values of the armature currents. Currently, assuming the temperature of the armature winding (), it is possible to permanently load the armature with an RMS current of , which gives a torque and a mechanical power at . These values are unsatisfactory because an induction motor with this outer stator size and a synchronous speed of has a rated power of approx. . This conclusion applies only to the directions of changes in the design of the optimal stator because the current design uses quite random ferromagnetic sheets, intended for the induction motor.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Motor Parameter | Value | Comment |
---|---|---|
Power (on the shaft) | at speed | |
Armature Power | at speed | |
Field Winding Power | at field current | |
Rotation Speed | at frequency and voltage | |
Frequency | at speed | |
Voltage (phase-to-phase RMS) | at speed | |
Torque | thermally limited | |
Armature Current (RMS) | thermally limited value at speed | |
Field Current (DC) | thermally limited value at speed |
Measurement Method | Thermal State | Armature Phase Resistance | Field Winding Resistance |
Measurement by Voltmeter-Ammeter Method | In a cold state | ||
In a heated state | |||
In a heated state (, ) |
Results of | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
min. | max. | min. | max. | min. | max. | ||
Measurements | |||||||
Calculations |
Results of | ||
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Measurements | ||
Calculations |
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Drabek, T.; Kara, D.; Kołacz, T.; Lerch, T.; Skwarczyński, J. Measurement Tests and FEM Calculations of DC Excited Flux Switching Motor Prototype. Energies 2021, 14, 4353. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144353
Drabek T, Kara D, Kołacz T, Lerch T, Skwarczyński J. Measurement Tests and FEM Calculations of DC Excited Flux Switching Motor Prototype. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4353. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144353
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrabek, Tomasz, Dawid Kara, Tomasz Kołacz, Tomasz Lerch, and Jerzy Skwarczyński. 2021. "Measurement Tests and FEM Calculations of DC Excited Flux Switching Motor Prototype" Energies 14, no. 14: 4353. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144353