Defect Data Association Analysis of the Secondary System Based on AFWA-H-Mine
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Secondary Device Defect Database Model
3. Fireworks Algorithm
3.1. Swarm Intelligence Algorithm
- 1
- In general, the explosion radius of fireworks with small fitness is close to 0, which leads to the lack of searchability for the optimal fireworks.
- 2
- The explosion bias of fireworks is the same in any dimension, which will reduce the diversity of sparks.
- 3
- When the spark goes beyond the boundary, it will be mapped to a point very close to the origin, making it difficult for the spark to find the optimal value.
3.2. Traditional Fireworks Algorithm
3.3. Adaptive Fireworks Algorithm
- 1.
- In the traditional fireworks algorithm, the explosion radius of fireworks that has small adaptability will be relatively small. In order to avoid this problem, the algorithm sets the minimum explosion radius; when Aik < Amin,k, the explosion radius of firework i in dimension k is:
- 2.
- The mutation operation of the firework algorithm is enhanced to avoid the Gaussian mutation in the traditional firework algorithm that will cause too many sparks near the origin. Moreover, the mutation between the current solution and the current optimal solution is performed:
- 3.
- When selecting the next generation of fireworks, the traditional fireworks selection method needs to construct a Euclidean distance matrix in each generation population, which will lead to the increase of time consumption of the traditional fireworks algorithm. To avoid this problem, the adaptive fireworks algorithm first selects the individuals with the best fitness in the population as the next generation of fireworks, and then randomly selects the rest of the fireworks.
- 4
- In the traditional fireworks algorithm, the optimal fireworks explosion radius is 0, which means that the optimal fireworks contribution to the convergence process is limited. Still, because it generates the largest number of individuals, it is of great significance for the whole convergence process, so the optimal fireworks also need to set the explosion radius.
4. Association Analysis Algorithm
4.1. Association Rule Evaluation Index
- (1)
- CF:
- (2)
- Lift:
- (3)
- The number of items in association rules N and the total number of association rules Num:
4.2. Association Analysis Algorithm
4.3. Association Rule Screening Strategy
- 1.
- Initialize the population.
- 2.
- Import defect data.
- 3.
- Bring the individual fireworks data into the association analysis for analysis and evaluation.
- 4.
- Determine the number of explosive sparks, core fireworks, and non-core firework explosion radius.
- 5.
- Displacement operation is carried out on the individual fireworks, and the cross-border sparks are processed.
- 6.
- Choose the next generation of fireworks.
- 7.
- Determine whether the rule as a whole satisfies the termination condition of iteration at this time. If not, return to Step 3.
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Analysis of the Frequent Item Set Mining Results
5.2. Analysis of Mining Association Rule Results
- 1.
- This paper analyzes the association rules between the manufacturer and the faulty equipment to find familial defects.
- 2.
- This paper analyzes the association rules between alarm signals and fault causes to reference maintenance personnel.
- 3.
- This paper analyzes the association rules between the faulty equipment and the specific fault parts of the equipment to facilitate the maintenance personnel to repair the weak parts of the equipment.
- 1.
- When analyzing the relationship between the manufacturer and the cause of the fault, A is the manufacturer, and B is the cause of the fault.
- 2.
- When analyzing the cause of the fault, A is the alarm signal, and B is the cause of the fault.
- 3.
- When looking for the relationship between the equipment and the fault location, A is the name of the equipment, and B is the fault location.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Information |
---|---|
Smart station information | Name of substation |
Equipment information | Type of equipment and manufacturer |
Fault information | Alarm signal, fault cause, and position |
Event processing information | Processing conditions |
ID | Transaction | Frequent Items |
---|---|---|
1 | A, B, D, I, F | A, B, D, F |
2 | A, B, C, D, Z | A, B, C, D |
3 | B, C, E, F, K | B, C, E, F |
4 | B, D, E, W | B, D, E |
Number | The Prefix | The Suffix |
---|---|---|
1 | Manufacturer C | Protection device fault |
2 | Manufacturer A | Merging Unit fault |
3 | Manufacturer B | combined unit fault |
4 | Protection device SV chain breaking, merging unit GOOSE chain breaking, merging unit SV chain breaking, measurement and control device SV chain breaking, protection device locking | Merge unit communication board fault |
5 | Communication interruption of 110 kV protection device opening, interruption of smart terminal GOOSE, abnormal longitudinal channel of protection device, exit of the longitudinal channel | The longitudinal channel of the protection device fault |
6 | Intelligent terminal GOOSE broken chain, power loss alarm, protection device GOOSE broken chain, measurement and control device GOOSE broken chain | Power fault of intelligent terminal |
7 | Protection device SV, Protection device GOOSE broken chain, intelligent terminal GOOSE broken chain, protection device lock, reclosing lock | Line protection device communication board fault |
8 | Manufacturer C, protection device | protection device communication board |
9 | Manufacturer E, Protection device | pilot protection channel |
10 | Manufacturer B, Fault Recorder | Communication transmission device |
Number | The Prefix | The Suffix |
---|---|---|
4 | Protection device SV broken chain, merging unit GOOSE broken chain, merging unit SV broken chain, measurement and control device SV broken chain | Merge unit communication board fault |
5 | 110 kV protection device open communication interruption, abnormal longitudinal connection channel of protection device, longitudinal connection channel exit | Protection device longitudinal connection fault |
6 | Intelligent terminal GOOSE broken chain, power loss alarm, intelligent terminal SV broken chain | Power fault of intelligent terminal |
7 | Protection device SV, GOOSE broken chain, intelligent terminal GOOSE broken chain, protection device locking | Protection device communication board fault |
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Xu, Y.; Wang, M.; Fan, W. Defect Data Association Analysis of the Secondary System Based on AFWA-H-Mine. Energies 2021, 14, 4228. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144228
Xu Y, Wang M, Fan W. Defect Data Association Analysis of the Secondary System Based on AFWA-H-Mine. Energies. 2021; 14(14):4228. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144228
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Yan, Mingyu Wang, and Wen Fan. 2021. "Defect Data Association Analysis of the Secondary System Based on AFWA-H-Mine" Energies 14, no. 14: 4228. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144228