Performance Prediction Based on Effects of Wrapping Angle of a Side Channel Pump
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pump Model
3. Numerical Simulations
3.1. Governing Equations
3.2. Turbulence Model
3.3. Grid Generation
3.4. Steady and Unsteady Simulations Step-Up
4. Numerical Results
4.1. Head Fluctuation Curves
4.2. Exchanged Mass Flow
4.3. Pressure Distribution Analysis
4.4. Velocity Distribution Analysis
5. Experimental Apparatus and Validation
5.1. Experimental Apparatus
5.2. Comparison of CFD and Experimental Performances
5.3. Hydraulic Performance under CFD Data
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- The size of wrapping angle has a significant effect on the head performance with a slight increase in the efficiency of the side channel pump. In industrial situations where high heads are required, the size of the wrapping angle can be reduced. Pump case 1 with the smallest wrapping angle records head improvement at all operating conditions compared to case 2 and case 3. Although the size of the wrapping angle slightly affected the efficiency of the side channel pump, case 1 still predicted a marginal increase compared to the other two pump cases at all operating conditions.
- (2)
- The pressure growth in the tangential direction from inflow to the outflow mainly depends on flow exchange times between the impeller and side channel. A small wrapping angle produces stronger static pressure in both the impeller and side channel flow passage than a larger wrapping angle.
- (3)
- The radial vortex flow at the outer radius has negative effects on the pump performance and increases as the size of the wrapping angle increases. Pump case 3 experienced the strongest vortices at the outer radius. Furthermore, the mass flow exchange view shows the energy conversion and zones of irregular flow patterns within the side channel pump. Pump cases 1 and 2 perform better energy conversion whereas pump case 3 has many irregular flow characteristics along the flow passage; thus, the size of the wrapping angle affects the energy conversion in side channel pumps.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
d | diameter of impeller, mm |
H | head, m |
P | pressure, Pa |
Q | flow rate, m3/h |
ω | angular speed, rad/s |
n | rotational speed, r/min |
η | efficiency |
φ | wrapping angle, deg |
ρ | density, kg/m3 |
θ | blade suction angle, deg |
h | height of the side height, mm |
b | blade thickness, mm |
s | axial clearance, mm |
σ | radial clearance, mm |
y+ | non-dimensional wall distance |
t | time, s |
M | torque, Nm |
z | height of axial plane in z-direction, m |
ϕ | angular position, deg |
g | acceleration due to gravity, m/s2 |
ψ | head coefficient |
y+ | non-dimensional wall distance |
M | torque, Nm |
k | kinetic energy of turbulence, m2/s2 |
ϵ | dissipation of kinetic energy of turbulence, m2/s3 |
ω | specific dissipation of turbulence kinetic energy, s−1 |
Reynolds-stress tensor | |
β’ | turbulence-model coefficients |
μ | dynamic viscosity, Pa.s |
μt | turbulent viscosity, m2/s |
σk | turbulence-model coefficients |
σω | turbulence-model coefficients |
F1, F2 | blending or auxiliary functions in turbulence model |
Kronecker delta | |
auxiliary variable in turbulence model | |
S | scalar measure of the vorticity tensor |
Subscript | |
xi | cartesian coordinates: x, y, z |
i, j | components in different directions |
Abbreviations | |
CFD | computational fluid dynamics |
SST | shear stress transport |
URANS | unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations |
BEP | best efficiency point |
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Impeller outer diameter, d2 (mm) | 150 |
Impeller inner diameter, d1 (mm) | 80 |
Blade width, w (mm) | 15 |
Blade thickness, b (mm) | 2 |
Blade suction angle (°) | 30 |
Rotational speed, n (r/min) | 1500 |
Blade number | 24 |
Radial clearance, σ (mm) | 0.2 |
Axial clearance, s (mm) | 0.2 |
Side channel radius, r (mm) | 17.6 |
Wrapping angle, φ (°) | 15, 30, 45 |
Grid | Grid Number (×106) | Head (m) | Grid Convergence Index (GCI) (%) |
---|---|---|---|
A | 3.7 | 17.0 | 9.8431 |
B | 4.0 | 17.9 | 8.3531 |
C | 4.5 | 18.3 | 1.7957 |
Domain | Grid Number (×106) | Grid Quality Criterion | Ave. y+ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Determinant 3 × 3 × 3 | Angle | Aspect Ratio | |||
Inlet | 0.1 | 0.60–1 | 46.89–89.64 | 1.27–40.1 | 18.54 |
Impeller | 3.4 | 0.62–1 | 20.62–87.91 | 1.10–23.0 | 34.28 |
Side channel | 1.0 | 0.57–1 | 37.78–89.90 | 1.28–42.4 | 43.94 |
Pump | Mass Flow-In (kg·s−1) | Mass Flow-In (kg·s−1) |
---|---|---|
Case 1 | 13.8438 | −11.0998 |
Case 2 | 13.1637 | −10.3925 |
Case 3 | 12.4384 | −9.6593 |
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Pei, J.; Zhang, F.; Appiah, D.; Hu, B.; Yuan, S.; Chen, K.; Asomani, S.N. Performance Prediction Based on Effects of Wrapping Angle of a Side Channel Pump. Energies 2019, 12, 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010139
Pei J, Zhang F, Appiah D, Hu B, Yuan S, Chen K, Asomani SN. Performance Prediction Based on Effects of Wrapping Angle of a Side Channel Pump. Energies. 2019; 12(1):139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010139
Chicago/Turabian StylePei, Ji, Fan Zhang, Desmond Appiah, Bo Hu, Shouqi Yuan, Ke Chen, and Stephen Ntiri Asomani. 2019. "Performance Prediction Based on Effects of Wrapping Angle of a Side Channel Pump" Energies 12, no. 1: 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010139
APA StylePei, J., Zhang, F., Appiah, D., Hu, B., Yuan, S., Chen, K., & Asomani, S. N. (2019). Performance Prediction Based on Effects of Wrapping Angle of a Side Channel Pump. Energies, 12(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12010139