Understanding Continuance Usage of Natural Gas: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evaluation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Development
2.1. Expectation-Confirmation Model in the ICT Field (ECM-IT)
2.2. Research Model
2.2.1. ECM-IT in the Context of Energy Technologies
2.2.2. Extension of the ECM-IT Model in the Context of Energy Technologies
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Measurement Model
4.2. Structural Model
5. Discussion
- Previous literature has focused on explaining the adoption of energy technologies. However, the phenomenon of adoption is different from continued use (post-adoption). In the latter, the experience of use can be crucial. To this extent, the proposed model reflects this post-adoption behavior more faithfully, by including expectations and user satisfaction.
- Prior research that has used ECM in the field of technology or marketing has been circumscribed to a greater or lesser degree to the core constructs of the model (satisfaction, confirmation, and usefulness). However, the model must be adapted to comprehend the particularities of the natural gas context. Therefore, based on the energy literature, the core constructs (e.g., usefulness) are adapted, as well as new constructs are added (e.g., price and environmental awareness).
- Preceding studies in psychology and marketing have suggested that individuals are increasingly concerned about the environment and that this awareness can have an impact on conservation-oriented behavior. However, in the energy literature, concern for the environment has received scant attention and less yet has been linked to the continuance of use. Surprisingly, our model finds a substantial incidence of this variable on intention. This result suggests that perceived greener technologies may favor their continuous use.
- Managers of natural gas companies, on carefully reading our results, could develop more effective commercial strategies to establish long-term relationships with their clients. They could invest in service quality to improve perceived usefulness and satisfaction.
- Policymakers can use other qualitative instruments, beyond the classic control price, which could facilitate extension of natural gas usage. For example, they could develop communicational and educational strategies to manage expectations, perceptions, and attitudes on natural gas. Realistic expectations could diminish post-purchase regret, avoiding dissatisfaction with natural gas usage.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Construct | Items |
---|---|
Satisfaction | Your overall experience of the use of natural gas:
|
Perceived usefulness |
|
Perceived ease of use |
|
Confirmation |
|
Price level |
|
Environmental consciousness |
|
Perceived safety |
|
Continuance intention |
|
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N° | Link | Authors | Technology |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Satisfaction → Intention | Hong, Thong [18] | Mobile Internet |
Lee [29] | E-learning | ||
Lee and Kwon [30] | Online shopping service | ||
2 | Usefulness → Intention | Lin, Wu [31] | Website |
Hong, Thong [18] | Mobile Internet | ||
Oghuma, Libaque-Saenz [32] | Mobile instant messaging | ||
3 | Ease of use → Intention | Hong, Thong [18] | Mobile Internet |
Thong, Hong [28] | Mobile Internet | ||
Choi, Kim [33] | Mobile data service | ||
4 | Usefulness → Satisfaction | Kim [34] | Mobile data service |
Lee and Kwon [30] | Online shopping service | ||
Halilovic and Cicic [35] | Business software | ||
5 | Ease of use → Satisfaction | Roca, Chiu [36] | E-learning |
Liao, Chen [37] | Online services | ||
Sørebø and Eikebrokk [38] | Cash Transaction system | ||
6 | Ease of use → Usefulness | Thong, Hong [28] | Mobile Internet |
Sørebø and Eikebrokk [38] | Cash Transaction system | ||
Lee [29] | E-learning | ||
7 | Confirmation → Satisfaction | Liao, Chen [37] | Online services |
Hung, Chang [39] | E-learning | ||
Zhou [40] | Mobile services | ||
8 | Confirmation → Usefulness | Hong, Thong [18] | Mobile Internet |
Zhou [40] | Mobile services | ||
Hung, Chang [39] | E-learning | ||
9 | Confirmation → Ease of use | Thong, Hong [28] | Internet mobile |
Sørebø and Eikebrokk [38] | Cash Transaction system | ||
Chong [41] | M-commerce |
Construct | Mean | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|
Continuance intention (INT) | 6.75 | 0.53 |
Satisfaction (SAT) | 6.38 | 0.73 |
Perceived price (PPR) | 1.64 | 1.14 |
Environmental consciousness (ECO) | 6.71 | 0.56 |
Perceived safety (PSE) | 6.27 | 0.82 |
Perceived usefulness (PUS) | 6.54 | 0.62 |
Ease of use (EOU) | 6.57 | 0.65 |
Confirmation (CON) | 6.30 | 0.93 |
Construct | Correlations and Square Root of AVE (*) | Cronbach’s α | AVE | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
INT | SAT | PPR | ECO | PSE | PUS | EOU | CON | |||
INT | 0.87 | 0.89 | 0.76 | |||||||
SAT | 0.54 | 0.92 | 0.95 | 0.85 | ||||||
PPR | −0.52 | −0.51 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95 | |||||
ECO | 0.57 | 0.37 | −0.28 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 0.75 | ||||
PSE | 0.39 | 0.57 | −0.33 | 0.23 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.86 | |||
PUS | 0.56 | 0.49 | −0.36 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.86 | 0.93 | 0.74 | ||
EOU | 0.49 | 0.47 | −0.39 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.67 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 0.89 | |
CON | 0.45 | 0.6 | −0.30 | 0.36 | 0.49 | 0.55 | 0.60 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.88 |
Indicator | Recommended Values | CFA Model Values |
---|---|---|
χ2 ratio | <3 | 2.354 |
CFI | >0.95 | 0.969 |
TLI | >0.95 | 0.964 |
RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.056 |
AGFI | >0.8 | 0.857 |
Indicator | Recommended Values | Structural Model Values |
---|---|---|
χ2 ratio | <3 | 2.846 |
CFI | >0.95 | 0.957 |
TLI | >0.95 | 0.951 |
RMSEA | <0.08 | 0.065 |
AGFI | >0.8 | 0.836 |
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Fernández-Guzmán, V.; Bravo, E.R. Understanding Continuance Usage of Natural Gas: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evaluation. Energies 2018, 11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082019
Fernández-Guzmán V, Bravo ER. Understanding Continuance Usage of Natural Gas: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evaluation. Energies. 2018; 11(8):2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082019
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-Guzmán, Victor, and Edgardo R. Bravo. 2018. "Understanding Continuance Usage of Natural Gas: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evaluation" Energies 11, no. 8: 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082019
APA StyleFernández-Guzmán, V., & Bravo, E. R. (2018). Understanding Continuance Usage of Natural Gas: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Evaluation. Energies, 11(8), 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11082019