A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Problem Formulation
3. Offline EMSs
- (1)
- Deterministic EMSs, by which the outputs are determined using forecasted parameter values. In other words, uncertainties are not considered when computing the solutions.
- (2)
- Stochastic EMSs, which consider the uncertainties and inaccuracies of the forecasted values when computing the solutions. It means the control strategies obtained in this way are more likely to be functional in practical applications under uncertainty.
3.1. Deterministic EMSs
3.2. Stochastic EMSs
4. Real-Time EMSs
- (1)
- Constraint satisfaction-based RT-EMSs, which provide solutions to satisfy technical constraints. The solutions obtained in this way may not be optimal.
- (2)
- OPF-based RT-EMSs, which provide ‘(sub)optimal’ solutions in real time, while satisfying technical constraints.
4.1. Constraint Satisfaction-Based RT-EMSs
4.2. OPF-Based RT-EMSs
5. Conclusions and Future Challenges
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
f | Objective function |
g | Dynamic model equations |
l | Vector of discrete decision variables |
t | Time |
t0 | Initial time |
tf | Final time |
TP | Prediction horizon |
TS | Sampling interval |
u | Vector of continuous decision variables |
umax | Upper boundaries of continuous decision variables |
umin | Lower boundaries of continuous decision variables |
x | Vector of state variables |
x0 | Initial states |
xmax | Upper boundaries of state variables |
xmin | Lower boundaries of state variables |
y | Vector of binary decision variables |
ξ | Vector of uncertain variables |
Ω | Set of random variables |
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Mohagheghi, E.; Alramlawi, M.; Gabash, A.; Li, P. A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow. Energies 2018, 11, 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113142
Mohagheghi E, Alramlawi M, Gabash A, Li P. A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow. Energies. 2018; 11(11):3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113142
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohagheghi, Erfan, Mansour Alramlawi, Aouss Gabash, and Pu Li. 2018. "A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow" Energies 11, no. 11: 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113142
APA StyleMohagheghi, E., Alramlawi, M., Gabash, A., & Li, P. (2018). A Survey of Real-Time Optimal Power Flow. Energies, 11(11), 3142. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11113142