Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling System—Overview
3. Computer Modeling Analysis of System Performance
3.1. Computer Modelling Setup
3.2. Reference House
3.3. Room Set Point Temperature-Design Indoor Temperature
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Temperature, Humidity, and Irradiance Profiles
4.2. Living-Room and Bedroom Temperature and Humidity Profiles
4.3. Cooling-Energy Demand
4.3.1. Cooling Demand During Normal Operation
4.3.2. System’s Electrical Energy Consumption
4.3.3. Humidity Levels in Air-Conditioned Spaces
4.3.4. Impact of the Economy Cycle on Cooling Energy Consumption and Comfort
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
- The study based on the TRNSYS supplied weather data, which seem confirmed by other observations, found that the sensible cooling demand is the predominant load, while the monthly latent load during the cooling periods represents about 20% of the total cooling load. This, however, is still significant in terms of providing comfort to the occupants of the house.
- The number of hours where plots of humidity ratio vs. temperature are within the comfort zone during the cooling season are quite significant. During these hours, occupants can rely on the natural ventilation or economy cycle for thermal provision by allowing outside air entering the room though open windows or doors.
- Likewise, the number of hours where plots of humidity ratio vs. temperature are outside the comfort zone during the cooling season are equally quite significant. During most of these hours, the proposed desiccant evaporative cooling system can technically provide thermal comfort, and its thermal performance is comparable to refrigerative cooling systems. Specifically, the following is the summary of the findings:
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- About half of the plots of temperature vs. humidity ratio during system operation fall beyond the upper acceptable boundary. The system’s capability to provide suitable temperature and humidity air levels supplied to the room is dependent on the performance of ‘exhaust components’ of the systems, namely, the evaporative cooling system, energy-recovery system, and heat-regeneration system.
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- The heat required to regenerate the desiccant on the exhaust side can be quite significant. Therefore, the availability of a cheap or waste-heat source is essential in making this system economically viable.
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- It is observed that the admission of some return air to the conditioned space, as normally practiced in conventional cooling systems to save energy, seems to have some, albeit limited, benefit in this system. This is because while the return air reduced the system’s burden on the supply side in terms of temperature and humidity, the exhaust side requires raising the temperature for regeneration purposes. In this particular study, the optimum ratio of return air and supply admitted to the room and that which returns to the exhaust side for treatment is 50:50.
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- For the Brisbane climate, the introduction of an economy cycle seems to not be very prospective since periods in which it is applicable are mostly at night, when people may be expected to opt for natural ventilation.
- The values of some of the parameters can significantly affect system performance, especially the humidity level of the conditioned space. These include saturation effectiveness of the evaporative cooler and the energy-recovery device. The proper selection of these values should be considered in the design stage of the system.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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°C | 35 | 53 | 27 | 20 | Temp | |||||
→ | DW | → | ERW | → | DEC | → | Sup. Side | |||
g/kg | 11 | 6 | 6 | 8.5 | Humidity Ratio | |||||
°C | 48 | 75 | 45 | 20 | 27 | Temp | ||||
← | DW | ← | REG | ← | ERW | ← | DE | ← | Exhaust | |
g/kg | 19 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 11 | Hum |
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Narayanan, R.; Halawa, E.; Jain, S. Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems. Energies 2018, 11, 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102574
Narayanan R, Halawa E, Jain S. Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems. Energies. 2018; 11(10):2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102574
Chicago/Turabian StyleNarayanan, Ramadas, Edward Halawa, and Sanjeev Jain. 2018. "Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems" Energies 11, no. 10: 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102574
APA StyleNarayanan, R., Halawa, E., & Jain, S. (2018). Performance Characteristics of Solid-Desiccant Evaporative Cooling Systems. Energies, 11(10), 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102574