Optimal Design of a Novel Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Tracked Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- A novel hybrid electric powertrain with two outputs using three PGs is proposed for tracked vehicles. The novel powertrain outperforms current powertrains, which can be promising for future industrial application.
- (2)
- A rapid screening method for hybrid power-split topologies using three PGs has been proposed. The method will help engineers identify superior topologies much more quickly among a great number of candidates. An integrated optimization problem has been solved taking into account the topology, size and control. The method is able to identify an economical optimal design with downsized components. The design procedure can be applied to various vehicle powertrain designs.
2. The Novel Multi-Mode Hybrid Electric Powertrain
3. Rapid Modeling and Screening for 3PG Powertrain Design
3.1. Initial Screening of Configurations and Designs
- Three connections from one node of a PG to all three nodes of another PG are not allowed.
- Three nodes of a PG are all grounded.
- Two nodes of one PG are connected while the third is grounded.
- Two nodes of a PG are grounded while the left node of this PG is used in another connection.
- Any node of a PG is free without any connection.
3.2. Rapid Automated Modeling for Multi-Mode Designs
3.3. Attribute Screening
3.4. Performance Screening
4. Energy Management Strategy for Rapid Sizing: E-PEARS+
5. Integrated Optimization of Multi-Mode Hybrid Electric TTDS
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
A* | characteristic matrix |
c | constraint number |
C* | cost of components |
unit price of per gallon | |
Fstraight | fuel consumption during straight driving |
Fturn | fuel consumption during turning |
F* | internal force of PGs acting between gears |
FR | final drive of the right track |
FL | final drive of the left track |
GR | gear ratio of PGs |
I* | inertia of the components |
m | vehicle mass |
n | planetary gear number |
P* | power of the components |
r* | radius of the ring gear |
S* | scaling factor of components |
s* | radius of the sun gear |
T* | torque of the components |
Vl | speed of the left track |
Vr | speed of the right track |
V | central speed |
convergence parameter | |
attraction parameter | |
angular acceleration of the components | |
operating efficiency of the components | |
Acronyms | |
DOF | Degree of Freedom |
DP | Dynamic Programming |
GA | Genetic Algorithm |
MPC | Model Predictive Control |
NSGA | Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm |
PG | Planetary Gear |
PSO | Particle Swarm Optimization |
SOC | State of Charge |
TTD | Track-type Dozer |
ECMS | Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy |
PEARS | Power-weighted Efficiency Analysis for Rapid Sizing |
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Parameter | Value | |
---|---|---|
Vehicle | Vehicle mass (kg) | 28,000 |
Track length (m) | 3.05 | |
Track gauge (m) | 1.786 | |
Diesel Engine | Rated speed (r/min) | 1700 |
Rated power (kW) | 175 | |
Generator | Max. power (kW) | 180 |
Max. rotational speed (r/min) | 2200 | |
Motors | Rated Power (kW) | 75 |
Max. rotational speed (rpm) | 6000 | |
Ultracapacitor | Capacity (F) | 2.4 |
Voltage (V) | 600 |
Type No. | Components Connected in One PG |
---|---|
1 | Engine, Output, Motor |
2 | Engine, Motor, Motor |
3 | Motor, Motor, Output |
4 | Engine, Motor |
5 | Engine, Output |
6 | Motor, Output |
7 | Motor, Motor |
Performance | Screening Conditions |
---|---|
Engine-on driving forwards | |
Central Steering | |
Engine-on driving backwards |
States and Controls | Description |
---|---|
State 1 | State of charge (battery energy consumption) |
State 2 | Current mode |
Control 1 | Next mode |
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Qin, Z.; Luo, Y.; Li, K.; Peng, H. Optimal Design of a Novel Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Tracked Vehicles. Energies 2017, 10, 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122141
Qin Z, Luo Y, Li K, Peng H. Optimal Design of a Novel Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Tracked Vehicles. Energies. 2017; 10(12):2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122141
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Zhaobo, Yugong Luo, Keqiang Li, and Huei Peng. 2017. "Optimal Design of a Novel Hybrid Electric Powertrain for Tracked Vehicles" Energies 10, no. 12: 2141. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10122141