Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Set Up
2.1. Steady-State Flow Bench
Parameters used in port performance analysis
2.2. PIV System
3. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
- 1-
- The instantaneous velocity field () must be decomposed firstly into two parts, the mean part () and the fluctuating part (), as POD analysis is carried out only on the fluctuating part.
- 2-
- All fluctuating velocity components from the K snapshots are arranged in a matrix
- 3-
- Then, the spatial correlation matrix for velocity distributions is defined as
- 4-
- The corresponding eigenvalue problem is solved
- 5-
- The POD modes () are derived after normalization by projecting correlation matrix R onto the eigenvectors ).
- 6-
- The corresponding coefficients of each mode are determined by projecting the original velocity fields onto the computed POD modes.
- 7-
- The kinetic energy captured by the mode is calculated by
4. Results
4.1. Steady-State Flow Bench Results
4.2. PIV Measurements in the Tumble Plane
4.3. POD Results
5. Conclusions
- The steady-state experiments illustrated that at low valve lifts, the high velocity vectors were concentrated behind the intake valves. At about 5 mm, the valve lift of the velocity distribution was symmetrical, resulting in no tumble motion. At high valve lifts, a significant amount of the incoming air to the cylinder was directed towards the exhaust side, forming a strong jet from the left side of the valve seat. The interaction of this air jet with the left cylinder wall and then with the flat piston led, finally, to a strong tumbling motion within the cylinder, with positive values of the non-dimensional tumble-rig.
- The PIV ensemble-average velocity distribution showed a good qualitative agreement with the measured, steady-state-flow integral parameters.
- POD results showed that mode 1 contained about 48.9%, 46.6%, 43.2%, and 40.6% of the turbulent kinetic energy for the 1 mm, 5 mm, 9 mm, and 10 mm valve lifts, respectively. It was observed that, at high valve lifts, some of the energy in the large eddies of mode 1 was transferred to the smaller flow structures of modes 2 and 3.
- The reconstructed flow field using the first five dominant modes for both valve lifts (9 mm and 10 mm) were in agreement with the ensemble average field.
- The combination between 2-D PIV and POD provided good information about the flow structure and the relative energy content in the various modes.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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El-Adawy, M.; Heikal, M.R.; A. Aziz, A.R.; Siddiqui, M.I.; Munir, S. Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD. Energies 2017, 10, 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121950
El-Adawy M, Heikal MR, A. Aziz AR, Siddiqui MI, Munir S. Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD. Energies. 2017; 10(12):1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121950
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-Adawy, Mohammed, Morgan R. Heikal, A. Rashid A. Aziz, Muhammad I. Siddiqui, and Shahzad Munir. 2017. "Characterization of the Inlet Port Flow under Steady-State Conditions Using PIV and POD" Energies 10, no. 12: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10121950