What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CAUSE OF DEATH | 2010 (%) | 2011 (%) | 2012 (%) | 2013 (%) | 2014 (%) | 2015 (%) | 2016 (%) | 2017 (%) | 2018 (%) | 2019 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute myocardial infarction | 61.9 | 69.5 | 59.8 | 61.8 | 52.3 | 50.0 | 58.3 | 51.0 | 52.2 | 46.7 |
Heart failure | 11.1 | 15.3 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 12.5 | 19.5 | 17.9 | 25.9 |
Aortic stenosis | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
Isolated cardiac arrest | 1.6 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
Infective endocarditis | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 1.5 |
Arrhythmia | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.0 |
Cardiac tamponade | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Other cardiac causes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Total cardiac (%) | 77.8 | 94.9 | 87.2 | 92.1 | 91.7 | 89.2 | 84.7 | 87.2 | 90.3 | 88.1 |
Pathologies of aorta | 6.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 4.4 |
Sepsis | 4.8 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 4.4 |
Pulmonary embolism | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Malignancy | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 |
Stroke | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
Other non-cardiac | 4.8 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 |
Total non-cardiac (%) | 22.2 | 5.1 | 12.8 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 10.8 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 9.7 | 11.9 |
Absolute number of deaths | 63 | 59 | 117 | 152 | 109 | 120 | 144 | 149 | 134 | 135 |
MAIN GROUP | SUBGROUP | Total (n = 1182) | % | Age < 65 (n = 236) | % | Age ≥ 65 (n = 946) | % | p-Value | Men (n = 717) | % | Women (n = 426) | % | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute myocardial infarction (N = 654) | AMI | 626 | 53.0 | 118 | 50.0 | 508 | 53.7 | 0.31 | 367 | 51.2 | 232 | 54.5 | 0.28 |
AMI/non-HF complication | 28 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.7 | 24 | 2.5 | 0.45 | 19 | 2.6 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.27 | |
Heart failure (N = 212) | Heart failure (HF) | 138 | 11.7 | 24 | 10.2 | 114 | 12.1 | 0.42 | 94 | 13.1 | 41 | 9.6 | 0.08 |
HF/complication | 74 | 6.3 | 9 | 3.8 | 65 | 6.9 | 0.083 | 42 | 5.9 | 31 | 7.3 | 0.34 | |
Isolated cardiac arrest (N = 78) | Cardiac arrest | 78 | 6.6 | 37 | 15.7 | 41 | 4.3 | <0.001 | 51 | 7.1 | 26 | 6.1 | 0.51 |
Other cardiac causes (N = 102) | Aortic stenosis (AS) | 17 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.9 | 15 | 1.6 | 0.39 | 6 | 0.8 | 11 | 2.6 | 0.02 |
AS & complication | 8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.16 | 5 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.99 | |
Infective endocarditis | 21 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.3 | 18 | 1.9 | 0.51 | 17 | 2.4 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.08 | |
Arrhythmia | 36 | 3.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 33 | 3.5 | 0.076 | 18 | 2.5 | 16 | 3.8 | 0.23 | |
Cardiac tamponade | 9 | 0.8 | 3 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.31 | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.48 | 0.35 | |
Other cardiac cause | 11 | 0.9 | 7 | 3.0 | 4 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 8 | 1.1 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.49 | |
Other non-cardiac causes (N = 136) | Pathology of aorta | 26 | 2.2 | 4 | 1.7 | 22 | 2.3 | 0.56 | 14 | 2.0 | 11 | 2.6 | 0.48 |
Sepsis | 52 | 4.4 | 9 | 3.8 | 43 | 4.6 | 0.62 | 39 | 5.4 | 12 | 2.8 | 0.04 | |
Pulmonary embolism | 9 | 0.8 | 4 | 1.7 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.065 | 2 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.01 | |
Malignancy | 13 | 1.1 | 5 | 2.1 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.093 | 11 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.10 | |
Stroke | 7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.4 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.71 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.14 | |
Other non-cardiac | 29 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.3 | 26 | 2.8 | 0.19 | 15 | 2.1 | 14 | 3.3 | 0.21 |
Acute Myocardial Infarction | Aortic Stenosis | Pathologies of Aorta | Arrhythmia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valvular heart disease Arrhythmia Bleeding Peripheral vascular disease Bowel complication Sepsis Other organ dysfunction | 4 1 3 1 6 6 7 | Bowel complication Arrhythmia Sepsis | 2 2 4 | AAA rupture Thoracic aorta occlusion Thoracic acute aorta syndrome Thoracic aorta infection | 3 1 19 3 | Tachycardia Bradycardia | 13 23 |
Total | 28 | Total | 8 | Total | 26 | Total | 36 |
Heart failure | Sepsis | Other cardiac causes | Other non-cardiac causes | ||||
Valvular heart disease Defined cardiomyopathy or adult congenital heart disease Sepsis Other organ dysfunction Thrombosis/bleeding/hematological problem Complete heart block | 20 5 31 11 5 2 | Gastrointestinal disease Skin and limb Pneumonia Device-related Unclear source Urosepsis | 3 3 19 1 23 3 | Adult congenital heart disease Constriction Device-related Other | 2 1 3 5 | Other organ dysfunction Peripheral vascular disease Infection Abdomino-pelvic bleeding or ischemia Cerebral bleed Vascular disease Other | 6 2 3 5 8 1 4 |
Total | 74 | Total | 52 | Total | 26 | Total | 36 |
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Kwok, C.S.; Tafuro, J.; Wong, C.W.; Bennett, S.; Zachariah, D.; Barker, D.; Morley-Davies, A.; Satchithananda, D.; Gunning, M.; Borovac, J.A. What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings. Pathophysiology 2023, 30, 467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034
Kwok CS, Tafuro J, Wong CW, Bennett S, Zachariah D, Barker D, Morley-Davies A, Satchithananda D, Gunning M, Borovac JA. What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings. Pathophysiology. 2023; 30(4):467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwok, Chun Shing, Jacopo Tafuro, Chun Wai Wong, Sadie Bennett, Donah Zachariah, Diane Barker, Adrian Morley-Davies, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Mark Gunning, and Josip A. Borovac. 2023. "What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings" Pathophysiology 30, no. 4: 467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034