What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CAUSE OF DEATH | 2010 (%) | 2011 (%) | 2012 (%) | 2013 (%) | 2014 (%) | 2015 (%) | 2016 (%) | 2017 (%) | 2018 (%) | 2019 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute myocardial infarction | 61.9 | 69.5 | 59.8 | 61.8 | 52.3 | 50.0 | 58.3 | 51.0 | 52.2 | 46.7 |
Heart failure | 11.1 | 15.3 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 21.1 | 23.3 | 12.5 | 19.5 | 17.9 | 25.9 |
Aortic stenosis | 1.6 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 4.7 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
Isolated cardiac arrest | 1.6 | 5.1 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
Infective endocarditis | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 4.5 | 1.5 |
Arrhythmia | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.0 |
Cardiac tamponade | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.5 |
Other cardiac causes | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Total cardiac (%) | 77.8 | 94.9 | 87.2 | 92.1 | 91.7 | 89.2 | 84.7 | 87.2 | 90.3 | 88.1 |
Pathologies of aorta | 6.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 4.4 |
Sepsis | 4.8 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 4.4 |
Pulmonary embolism | 3.2 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Malignancy | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 0.0 |
Stroke | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
Other non-cardiac | 4.8 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 |
Total non-cardiac (%) | 22.2 | 5.1 | 12.8 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 10.8 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 9.7 | 11.9 |
Absolute number of deaths | 63 | 59 | 117 | 152 | 109 | 120 | 144 | 149 | 134 | 135 |
MAIN GROUP | SUBGROUP | Total (n = 1182) | % | Age < 65 (n = 236) | % | Age ≥ 65 (n = 946) | % | p-Value | Men (n = 717) | % | Women (n = 426) | % | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute myocardial infarction (N = 654) | AMI | 626 | 53.0 | 118 | 50.0 | 508 | 53.7 | 0.31 | 367 | 51.2 | 232 | 54.5 | 0.28 |
AMI/non-HF complication | 28 | 2.4 | 4 | 1.7 | 24 | 2.5 | 0.45 | 19 | 2.6 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.27 | |
Heart failure (N = 212) | Heart failure (HF) | 138 | 11.7 | 24 | 10.2 | 114 | 12.1 | 0.42 | 94 | 13.1 | 41 | 9.6 | 0.08 |
HF/complication | 74 | 6.3 | 9 | 3.8 | 65 | 6.9 | 0.083 | 42 | 5.9 | 31 | 7.3 | 0.34 | |
Isolated cardiac arrest (N = 78) | Cardiac arrest | 78 | 6.6 | 37 | 15.7 | 41 | 4.3 | <0.001 | 51 | 7.1 | 26 | 6.1 | 0.51 |
Other cardiac causes (N = 102) | Aortic stenosis (AS) | 17 | 1.4 | 2 | 0.9 | 15 | 1.6 | 0.39 | 6 | 0.8 | 11 | 2.6 | 0.02 |
AS & complication | 8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.16 | 5 | 0.7 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.99 | |
Infective endocarditis | 21 | 1.8 | 3 | 1.3 | 18 | 1.9 | 0.51 | 17 | 2.4 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.08 | |
Arrhythmia | 36 | 3.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 33 | 3.5 | 0.076 | 18 | 2.5 | 16 | 3.8 | 0.23 | |
Cardiac tamponade | 9 | 0.8 | 3 | 1.3 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.31 | 7 | 1.0 | 2 | 0.48 | 0.35 | |
Other cardiac cause | 11 | 0.9 | 7 | 3.0 | 4 | 0.4 | <0.001 | 8 | 1.1 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.49 | |
Other non-cardiac causes (N = 136) | Pathology of aorta | 26 | 2.2 | 4 | 1.7 | 22 | 2.3 | 0.56 | 14 | 2.0 | 11 | 2.6 | 0.48 |
Sepsis | 52 | 4.4 | 9 | 3.8 | 43 | 4.6 | 0.62 | 39 | 5.4 | 12 | 2.8 | 0.04 | |
Pulmonary embolism | 9 | 0.8 | 4 | 1.7 | 5 | 0.5 | 0.065 | 2 | 0.3 | 7 | 1.6 | 0.01 | |
Malignancy | 13 | 1.1 | 5 | 2.1 | 8 | 0.9 | 0.093 | 11 | 1.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.10 | |
Stroke | 7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.4 | 6 | 0.6 | 0.71 | 2 | 0.3 | 4 | 0.9 | 0.14 | |
Other non-cardiac | 29 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.3 | 26 | 2.8 | 0.19 | 15 | 2.1 | 14 | 3.3 | 0.21 |
Acute Myocardial Infarction | Aortic Stenosis | Pathologies of Aorta | Arrhythmia | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valvular heart disease Arrhythmia Bleeding Peripheral vascular disease Bowel complication Sepsis Other organ dysfunction | 4 1 3 1 6 6 7 | Bowel complication Arrhythmia Sepsis | 2 2 4 | AAA rupture Thoracic aorta occlusion Thoracic acute aorta syndrome Thoracic aorta infection | 3 1 19 3 | Tachycardia Bradycardia | 13 23 |
Total | 28 | Total | 8 | Total | 26 | Total | 36 |
Heart failure | Sepsis | Other cardiac causes | Other non-cardiac causes | ||||
Valvular heart disease Defined cardiomyopathy or adult congenital heart disease Sepsis Other organ dysfunction Thrombosis/bleeding/hematological problem Complete heart block | 20 5 31 11 5 2 | Gastrointestinal disease Skin and limb Pneumonia Device-related Unclear source Urosepsis | 3 3 19 1 23 3 | Adult congenital heart disease Constriction Device-related Other | 2 1 3 5 | Other organ dysfunction Peripheral vascular disease Infection Abdomino-pelvic bleeding or ischemia Cerebral bleed Vascular disease Other | 6 2 3 5 8 1 4 |
Total | 74 | Total | 52 | Total | 26 | Total | 36 |
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Kwok, C.S.; Tafuro, J.; Wong, C.W.; Bennett, S.; Zachariah, D.; Barker, D.; Morley-Davies, A.; Satchithananda, D.; Gunning, M.; Borovac, J.A. What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings. Pathophysiology 2023, 30, 467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034
Kwok CS, Tafuro J, Wong CW, Bennett S, Zachariah D, Barker D, Morley-Davies A, Satchithananda D, Gunning M, Borovac JA. What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings. Pathophysiology. 2023; 30(4):467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034
Chicago/Turabian StyleKwok, Chun Shing, Jacopo Tafuro, Chun Wai Wong, Sadie Bennett, Donah Zachariah, Diane Barker, Adrian Morley-Davies, Duwarakan Satchithananda, Mark Gunning, and Josip A. Borovac. 2023. "What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings" Pathophysiology 30, no. 4: 467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034
APA StyleKwok, C. S., Tafuro, J., Wong, C. W., Bennett, S., Zachariah, D., Barker, D., Morley-Davies, A., Satchithananda, D., Gunning, M., & Borovac, J. A. (2023). What Are the Causes of Death among Patients Admitted to a Contemporary Tertiary-Level Cardiology Department? An Analysis of 10 Years of Morbidity and Mortality Meetings. Pathophysiology, 30(4), 467-479. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathophysiology30040034