Abstract
Lung cancer has become a leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Patient survival has improved with the introduction of new chemotherapy regimens and targeted drugs, but still, because of tumour progression or deterioration in performance status, a high percentage of patients do not receive more than one line of treatment. Given this situation, studies of maintenance therapies have begun, with results that have led to the clinical use of various drugs in a maintenance scenario. Additionally, results obtained in various clinical trials have raised the question of personalized approaches based on the clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of the cancer—not only in the initial approach, but also in the context of maintenance. Overall, the survival benefit seen with maintenance treatment has introduced a new therapy option that should be considered and discussed with patients, and (given the controversies that currently remain) chosen based on the preferences of patients and physicians.