Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil and Soil Sampling
2.2. Soil Analysis
2.3. Biochar Compost Preparation and Characterization
2.4. Experimental Setup
2.5. Estimation of Agronomic Characteristics of Rice Plant
2.6. Nitrogen Uptake by Rice Plants
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Physicochemical Properties
3.2. Biochar Compost Characterization
3.3. Effects of Various Treatments on Rice Growth
3.4. Effects of Various Treatments on Dry Matter Weight of Shoots and Roots, Root Volume and Shoot N Uptake at Vegetative Stage
3.5. Yield Components
4. Discussion
4.1. Characteristics of Biochar Compost
4.2. Rice Crop Growth and Nitrogen Uptake
4.3. Influence of Soil Amendment on Yield Components
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Anang, B.T.; Adjetey, S.; Abiriwe, S. Consumer Preferences for Rice Quality Characteristics and the Effects on Price in the Tamale Metropolis, Northern Region, Ghana. Int. J. AgriScience 2011, 1, 67–74. [Google Scholar]
- Donkor, E.; Matthews, N.; Ogundeji, A.A. Efficiency of Rice Farming in Ghana: Policy Implications for Rice Sector Development. Afr. Dev. Rev. 2018, 30, 149–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanko, M.; Ismaila, S.; Sadiq, S.A. Planting for Food and Jobs (PFJ): A Panacea for Productivity and Welfare of Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana. Cogent Econ. Financ. 2019, 7, 1693121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Buri, M.M.; Issaka, R.N.; Senayah, J.K.; Fujii, H.; Wakatsuki, T. Lowland Soils for Rice Cultivation in Ghana. In Crop Production Technologies; Sharma, P., Ed.; InTech: London, UK, 2012; ISBN 978-953-307-787-1. [Google Scholar]
- Buri, M.M.; Issaka, R.N.; Wakatsuki, T.; Kawano, N. Improving the Productivity of Lowland Soils for Rice Cultivation in Ghana: The Role of the “Sawah” System. J. Soil Sci. Environ. Manag. 2011, 2, 304–310. [Google Scholar]
- Abdul-Rahaman, A.; Abdulai, A. Do Farmer Groups Impact on Farm Yield and Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Northern Ghana. Food Policy 2018, 81, 95–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sollins, P.; Robertson, G.P.; Uehara, G. Nutrient Mobility in Variable- and Permanent-Charge Soils. Biogeochemistry 1988, 6, 181–199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohnemus, T.; Spott, O.; Thiel, E. Spatial Distribution of Urea Induced Ammonia Loss Potentials of German Cropland Soils. Geoderma 2021, 394, 115025. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cassman, K.G.; Dobermann, A.; Cruz, P.C.S.; Gines, G.C.; Samson, M.I.; Descalsota, J.P.; Alcantara, J.M.; Dizon, M.A.; Olk, D.C. Soil Organic Matter and the Indigenous Nitrogen Supply of Intensive Irrigated Rice Systems in the Tropics. Plant Soil 1996, 182, 267–278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Adugna, G. A Review on Impact of Compost on Soil Properties, Water Use and Crop Productivity. Acad. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Res. 2016, 4, 93–104. [Google Scholar]
- Lehmann, J.; Rondon, M. Bio-Char Soil Management on Highly Weathered Soils in the Humid Tropics. In Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems, 1st ed.; Uphoff, N., Ball, A.S., Fernandes, E., Herren, H., Husson, O., Laing, M., Palm, C., Pretty, J., Sanchez, P., Sanginga, N., et al., Eds.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2006; pp. 518–537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yang, Y.; Ma, S.; Zhao, Y.; Jing, M.; Xu, Y.; Chen, J. A Field Experiment on Enhancement of Crop Yield by Rice Straw and Corn Stalk-Derived Biochar in Northern China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 13713–13725. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Abukari, A. Influence of Rice Husk Biochar on Water Holding Capacity of Soil in The Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana. Turk. J. Agric. Food Sci. Technol. 2019, 7, 888–891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Avornyo, V.K. Increasing Rice Productivity in the Lowland Soils of the Interior Savanna of Ghana: The Role of Rice Husk Biochar and Phosphate Rock. Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Laird, D.; Fleming, P.; Davis, D.; Horton, R.; Wang, B.; Karlen, D. Impact of Biochar Amendments on the Quality of a Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil. Geoderma 2010, 158, 443–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kartika, K.; Sakagami, J.-I.; Lakitan, B.; Yabuta, S.; Akagi, I.; Widuri, L.I.; Siaga, E.; Iwanaga, H.; Nurrahma, A.H.I. Rice Husk Biochar Effects on Improving Soil Properties and Root Development in Rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) Exposed to Drought Stress during Early Reproductive Stage. AIMS Agric. Food 2021, 6, 737–751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rao, D.N.; Mikkelsen, D.S. Effect of Rice Straw Incorporation on Rice Plant Growth and Nutrition 1. Agron. J. 1976, 68, 752–756. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oh, W.K. Effects of Incorporation of Organic Materials on Paddy Soils. In Nitrogen and Rice Symposium Proceedings; IRRI: Los Banos, Philippines, 1979; pp. 435–449. [Google Scholar]
- Antonangelo, J.A.; Sun, X.; Zhang, H. The Roles of Co-Composted Biochar (COMBI) in Improving Soil Quality, Crop Productivity, and Toxic Metal Amelioration. J. Environ. Manag. 2021, 277, 111443. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Moe, K.; Mg, K.W.; Win, K.K.; Yamakawa, T. Effects of Combined Application of Inorganic Fertilizer and Organic Manures on Nitrogen Use and Recovery Efficiencies of Hybrid Rice (Palethwe-1). Am. J. Plant Sci. 2017, 8, 1043. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ullah, M.; Islam, M.; Islam, M.; Haque, T. Effects of Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on the Yield of Brinjal and Soil Properties. J. Bangladesh Agric. Univ. 1970, 6, 271–276. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Nyalemegbe, K.K.; Oteng, J.W.; Asuming-Brempong, S. Integrated Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Management for Rice Production on the Vertisols of the Accra Plains of Ghana. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol. 2010, 16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sulemana, N.; Nartey, E.K.; Abekoe, M.K.; Adjadeh, T.A.; Darko, D.A. Use of Biochar-Compost for Phosphorus Availability to Maize in a Concretionary Ferric Lixisol in Northern GHANA. Agronomy 2021, 11, 359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bimbraw, A.S. Established and Emerging Practices for Soil and Crop Productivity; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2021; ISBN 1-00-320034-6. [Google Scholar]
- Ahmed, G. The Influence of Rice Husk Biochar and Nitrogen Sources on the Growth of Lowland Rice on an Eutric Gleysol from Walewale. Master’s Thesis, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Blake, G.R.; Hartge, K.H. Bulk Density. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, USA, 1986; Volume 5, pp. 363–375. [Google Scholar]
- Day, P.R. Particle Fractionation and Particle-size Analysis. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, USA, 1965; Volume 9, pp. 545–567. [Google Scholar]
- Nelson, D.W.; Sommers, L.E. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 1983; pp. 539–579. ISBN 978-0-89118-977-0. [Google Scholar]
- Bray, R.H.; Kurtz, L.T. Determination of Total, Organic, and Available Forms of Phosphorus in Soils. Soil Sci. 1945, 59, 39–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watanabe, F.S.; Olsen, S.R. Test of an Ascorbic Acid Method for Determining Phosphorus in Water and NaHCO3 Extracts from Soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1965, 29, 677–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chapman, H. Cation-exchange Capacity. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, USA, 1965; Volume 9, pp. 891–901. [Google Scholar]
- Thomas, G.W. Exchangeable Cations. In Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, USA, 1983; Volume 9, pp. 159–165. [Google Scholar]
- Chan, K.Y.; Xu, Z. Biochar: Nutrient Properties and Their Enhancement. In Biochar for Environmental Management: Science, Technology and Implementation, 2nd ed.; Lehmann, J., Joseph, S., Eds.; Routledge: London, UK, 2015; ISBN 1-134-48953-6. [Google Scholar]
- USDA, U. Test Methods for the Examination of Composting and Compost; United States Department of Agriculture, United States Composting Council: Washington, DC, USA, 2002.
- Żołnowski, A.C.; Wyszkowski, M.; Rolka, E.; Sawicka, M. Mineral Materials as a Neutralizing Agent Used on Soil Contaminated with Copper. Materials 2021, 14, 6830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, K.; Liu, X.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, R.; Cao, Q.; Zhu, Y.; Cao, W.; Tian, Y. A Comparative Assessment of Measures of Leaf Nitrogen in Rice Using Two Leaf-Clip Meters. Sensors 2019, 20, 175. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gasco, G.; Paz-Ferreiro, J.; Cely, P.; Plaza, C.; Mendez, A. Influence of Pig Manure and Its Biochar on Soil CO2 Emissions and Soil Enzymes. Ecol. Eng. 2016, 95, 19–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agegnehu, G.; Bass, A.; Nelson, P.; Bird, M. Benefits of Biochar, Compost and Biochar–Compost for Soil Quality, Maize Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in a Tropical Agricultural Soil. Sci. Total Environ. 2016, 543, 295–306. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Prost, K.; Borchard, N.; Siemens, J.; Kautz, T.; Séquaris, J.; Möller, A.; Amelung, W. Biochar Affected by Composting with Farmyard Manure. J. Environ. Qual. 2013, 42, 164–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Kammann, C.I.; Schmidt, H.-P.; Messerschmidt, N.; Linsel, S.; Steffens, D.; Müller, C.; Koyro, H.-W.; Conte, P.; Joseph, S. Plant Growth Improvement Mediated by Nitrate Capture in Co-Composted Biochar. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 1–13. [Google Scholar]
- Hagemann, N.; Joseph, S.; Schmidt, H.-P.; Kammann, C.; Harter, J.; Young, R.; Varga, K.; Taherymoosavi, S.; Elliott, K.; Mckenna, A.; et al. Organic Coating on Biochar Explains Its Nutrient Retention and Stimulation of Soil Fertility. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 1089. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saha, B.; Panda, P.; Patra, P.S.; Panda, R.; Kundu, A.; Roy, A.K.S.; Mahato, N. Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars under Terai-Agro Climatic Situation. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2017, 6, 2408–2418. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tetteh, Z.V. Effect of Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Grain Yield of Nerica Rice. Master’s Thesis, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Buri, M.; Issaka, R.; Zoromi, A.; Adjei, E.; Wakatsuki, T. Improving Soil Productivity and Increasing Lowland Rice Yields through the Integration of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers in the Savannah and Forest Agro-Ecological Zones of La Cote d’Ívoire. West Afr. J. Appl. Ecol. 2022, 30, 35–47. [Google Scholar]
- Rynk, R.; Cooperband, L.; Oshins, C.; Wescott, H.; Bonhotal, J.; Schwarz, M.; Sherman, R.; Brown, S. Chapter 1—Why Compost? In The Composting Handbook; Rynk, R., Ed.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2022; pp. 1–26. ISBN 978-0-323-85602-7. [Google Scholar]
- Chapman, S.; Barreto, H. Using a Chlorophyll Meter to Estimate Specific Leaf Nitrogen of Tropical Maize during Vegetative Growth. Agron. J. 1997, 89, 557–562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ciećko, Z.; Żołnowski, A.; Mierzejewska, A. Impact of Foliar Nitrogen and Magnesium Fertilization on Concentration of Chlorophyll in Potato Leaves. Ecol. Chem. Engineering. A 2012, 19, 525–535. [Google Scholar]
- Fageria, N.; Baligar, V. Lowland Rice Response to Nitrogen Fertilization. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2001, 32, 1405–1429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Agren, G.I.; Franklin, O. Root: Shoot Ratios, Optimization and Nitrogen Productivity. Ann. Bot. 2003, 92, 795–800. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Baligar, V.C.; Fageria, N.K. Agronomy and Physiology of Tropical Cover Crops. J. Plant Nutr. 2007, 30, 1287–1339. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yoshida, S. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science; International Rice Research Institute: Los Baños, Philippines, 1981; ISBN 19886768384. [Google Scholar]
Compost Type | Mix Ratio | Description |
---|---|---|
C1 | CM:RH 1:1 (9:1RB) | Compost was formed using one part of cow manure and one part of rice husk. After making the compost, nine parts of it were mixed with one part of biochar. |
C2 | CM:RH 1:1 (8:2RB) | Compost was formed using one part of cow manure and one part of rice husk. After making the compost, eight parts of it were mixed with one part of biochar. |
C3 | CM:RH 2:1 (9:1RB) | Compost was formed using two parts of cow manure and one part of rice husk. After making the compost, nine parts of it were mixed with one part of biochar. |
C4 | CM:RH 2:1 (8:2RB) | Compost was formed using two parts of cow manure and one part of rice husk. After making the compost, eight parts of it were mixed with two parts of biochar. |
C5 | CM:RH 2:1 (6:4RB) | Compost was formed using two parts of cow manure and one part of rice husk. After making the compost, six parts of it were mixed with four parts of biochar. |
Treatment Code | Compost Type | Compost N Rate | Inorganic N Rate |
---|---|---|---|
kg ha−1 | kg ha−1 | ||
T1 | - | 0 | 0 |
T2 | - | 0 | 100 |
T3 | C1 | 150 | 70 |
T4 | C2 | 150 | 70 |
T5 | C3 | 150 | 70 |
T6 | C3 | 150 | 100 |
T7 | C4 | 150 | 70 |
T8 | C5 | 150 | 70 |
Sample ID | pH | TC | TN | TP | Av. P | Av. N | C:N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(H2O) | g kg−1 | mg kg−1 | |||||
C1 | 7.89 | 277.58 | 17.06 | 4333 | 2357.5 | 689.6 | 16.3 |
C2 | 7.90 | 296.11 | 15.65 | 3933 | 1345 | 333.0 | 18.9 |
C3 | 7.77 | 264.37 | 17.37 | 4000 | 2533 | 320.4 | 15.2 |
C4 | 7.81 | 268.75 | 17.12 | 4100 | 1970 | 438.8 | 15.7 |
C5 | 7.78 | 279.67 | 15.03 | 2438 | 2087 | 297.0 | 18.6 |
Treatment | Shoot Dry wt. (g) | Root Dry wt. (g) | Root Volume (cm3) | Shoot N Uptake (mg pot−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 29.32 a | 11.77 a | 64.0 a | 241.10 a |
T2 | 49.52 b | 35.79 b | 71.70 ab | 534.60 b |
T3 | 54.31 b | 50.03 bcd | 143.30 c | 529.10 b |
T4 | 53.08 b | 41.79 bc | 120.70 bc | 523.00 b |
T5 | 53.48 b | 56.07 cd | 126.70 c | 585.50 b |
T6 | 50.47 b | 42.35 bc | 121.70 bc | 577.60 b |
T7 | 58.03 b | 61.81 d | 128.30 c | 602.00 b |
T8 | 52.48 b | 41.95 bc | 101.70 abc | 520.70 b |
Fpr | 0.006 | <0.001 | 0.038 | 0.002 |
CV% | 14.3 | 21.5 | 26.4 | 16.3 |
Treatment | Plant Height (cm) | Aboveground Biomass Weight (g pot−1) | Number of Tillers (pcs pot−1) | Number of Panicles (pcs pot−1) | 1000 Grain Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | 102.70 a | 131.20 a | 14.00 a | 14.00 a | 23.03 a |
T2 | 105.70 ab | 209.80 b | 23.67 cd | 21.67 bcd | 29.20 c |
T3 | 111.20 bc | 248.40 c | 20.00 b | 19.67 b | 27.00 b |
T4 | 117.80 c | 266.80 c | 21.67 bc | 20.50 bc | 26.17 b |
T5 | 108.50 ab | 245.40 c | 22.33 bc | 23.33 cd | 26.30 b |
T6 | 109.00 ab | 273.30 c | 26.00 d | 24.33 d | 26.80 b |
T7 | 108.80 ab | 260.00 c | 19.67 b | 19.00 b | 29.20 c |
T8 | 106.30 ab | 255.40 c | 21.33 bc | 21.33 bcd | 26.50 b |
Fpr | 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CV% | 4.10 | 6.9 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 4.3 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Aboagye, D.A.; Adjadeh, W.T.; Nartey, E.K.; Asuming-Brempong, S. Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana. Nitrogen 2022, 3, 414-425. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030027
Aboagye DA, Adjadeh WT, Nartey EK, Asuming-Brempong S. Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana. Nitrogen. 2022; 3(3):414-425. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030027
Chicago/Turabian StyleAboagye, Daniel Asiamah, Wilfred Teejay Adjadeh, Eric Kwesi Nartey, and Stella Asuming-Brempong. 2022. "Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana" Nitrogen 3, no. 3: 414-425. https://doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030027