Artificial Cold Air Increases the Cardiovascular Risks in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cold Air Data and Cold Air Simulation
Cold air rank | Tmin-s (°C) | Tr (°C) | Tmin-g (°C) | ↓∆T48 (°C) | Tmin (°C) | ↓∆Tmax (°C) | Rewarming duration (h) | Total duration (h) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate | 20 | 20 | 12.7 | 7.3 | 11.1 | 8.9 | 51 | 55 |
2.2. Animals and Grouping
2.3. Animal Housing for Control Period
2.4. Cold Air Exposure
2.5. Monitoring of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Body Weight
2.6. Plasma Collection
2.7. Assessment of Vasoconstrictors, Atherogenesis Risk Factors and Myocardium Injury Indicator
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. SBP, Heart Rate and Body Weight
3.2. Vasoconstrictors—EPI, NE, ANGII and ET-1
3.3. CK-MB and Atherogenesis Risk Factors—WBV, Blood Lipids, FG and Uric Acid (Table 2)
Atherosclerosis risk factors | Tmin-c (n = 6) | Tmin (n = 6) | Tr-c (n = 6) | Tr (n = 6) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole blood | 10/s | 11.10 (0.58) | 17.31 (0.49) †† | 12.36 (0.76) | 15.97 (2.21) † |
Viscosity (mPa.s) | 150/s | 4.29 (0.10) | 5.73 (0.14) †† | 4.53 (0.13) | 5.25 (0.39) † |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 1.92 (0.04) | 2.06 (0.01) †† | 2.00 (0.04) | 2.30 (0.06) ††,‡‡ | |
Blood lipids (mmol/L) | TC | 0.89 (0.01) | 1.14 (0.04) †† | 0.93 (0.02) | 1.08 (0.04) † |
TG | 0.38 (0.04) | 0.27 (0.02) † | 0.39 (0.04) | 0.28 (0.01) † | |
HDL | 0.5 (0.01) | 0.62 (0.01) †† | 0.56 (0.02) | 0.55 (0.02) ‡ | |
LDL | 0.48 (0.03) | 0.65 (0.04) † | 0.41 (0.02) | 0.73 (0.10) † | |
LDL/HDL | 0.97 (0.07) | 1.06 (0.06) | 0.74 (0.01) | 1.33 (0.22) †† | |
Uric acid (umol/L) | 71.5 (5.67) | 173.67 (17.78) †† | 71.17 (7.01) | 170.67 (18.62) †† | |
CK-MB (U/L) | 236.17 (20.98) | 362.67 (29.37) †† | 214.5 (9.25) | 378.67 (25.88) †† |
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest
References
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Luo, B.; Zhang, S.; Ma, S.; Zhou, J.; Wang, B. Artificial Cold Air Increases the Cardiovascular Risks in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 3197-3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093197
Luo B, Zhang S, Ma S, Zhou J, Wang B. Artificial Cold Air Increases the Cardiovascular Risks in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2012; 9(9):3197-3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093197
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuo, Bin, Shuyu Zhang, Shoucun Ma, Ji Zhou, and Baojian Wang. 2012. "Artificial Cold Air Increases the Cardiovascular Risks in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 9: 3197-3208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093197