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IJERPH
Volume 8
Issue 1
10.3390/ijerph8010089
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Case Report

Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq

by
Samira Alaani
1,
Mozhgan Savabieasfahani
2,
Mohammad Tafash
1,3 and
Paola Manduca
4,*
1
Fallujah General Hospital, Althubbadh District, Fallujah, 00964, Iraq
2
P.O. Box 7038, Ann Arbor, MI 48107, USA
3
Medical College, Al-Anbar University, Fallujah, 00964, Iraq
4
Laboratory of Genetics, DIBIO, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8(1), 89-96; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8010089
Received: 27 October 2010 / Revised: 3 December 2010 / Accepted: 21 December 2010 / Published: 31 December 2010
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Abstract

Since 2003, congenital malformations have increased to account for 15% of all births in Fallujah, Iraq. Congenital heart defects have the highest incidence, followed by neural tube defects. Similar birth defects were reported in other populations exposed to war contaminants. While the causes of increased prevalence of birth defects are under investigation, we opted to release this communication to contribute to exploration of these issues. By using a questionnaire, containing residential history and activities that may have led to exposure to war contaminants, retrospective reproductive history of four polygamous Fallujah families were documented. Our findings point to sporadic, untargeted events, with different phenotypes in each family and increased recurrence. The prevalence of familial birth defects after 2003 highlights the relevance of epigenetic mechanisms and offers insights to focus research, with the aim of reducing further damage to people’s health. View Full-Text
Keywords: Iraq; birth defects; war contaminants; epigenetics Iraq; birth defects; war contaminants; epigenetics
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Alaani, S.; Savabieasfahani, M.; Tafash, M.; Manduca, P. Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 89-96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8010089

AMA Style

Alaani S, Savabieasfahani M, Tafash M, Manduca P. Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2011; 8(1):89-96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8010089

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alaani, Samira, Mozhgan Savabieasfahani, Mohammad Tafash, and Paola Manduca. 2011. "Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 8, no. 1: 89-96. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8010089

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