Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Ethical Considerations
2.3. Diagnosis of UC and Data Collection
2.4. Periodontal Examination
- Stage I/II periodontitis:
- Interdental CAL of 1–4 mm;
- Maximum probing depth ≤ 5 mm;
- No tooth loss due to periodontitis.
- Stage III/IV periodontitis:
- Interdental CAL ≥ 5 mm;
- Probing depth ≥ 6 mm;
- Tooth mobility Grade II or higher;
- At least one tooth due to periodontitis (Stage III) or masticatory dysfunction, bite collapse, or less than 20 remaining teeth (Stage IV).
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
3.2. Clinical Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
UC | Ulcerative colitis |
CD | Crohn’s disease |
IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
MNUMS | Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences |
ICC | Intraclass correlation coefficient |
PPD | Probing pocket depth |
BOP | Bleeding on probing |
CAL | Clinical attachment level |
FMPS | Full-mouth plaque score |
FMBS | Full-mouth bleeding score |
SD | Standard deviation |
IQR | Interquartile range |
OR | Odds ratio |
CI | Confidence interval |
IL | Interleukin |
TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
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Variables | UC (n = 20) | Controls (n = 40) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.9 ± 12.14 | 42.58 ± 12.06 | 0.875 |
Gender: male, % (n) | 40 (8) | 40 (16) | 1.00 |
Area, % (n) Urban Rural | 80 (16) 20 (4) | 90 (36) 10 (4) | 0.422 |
Education level, % (n) Low Intermediate High | - 15 (3) 85 (17) | 32.5 (13) 67.5 (27) | 0.218 |
Years with UC diagnosis | 1.79 (2.68) | - | |
Localization, % (n) E1 E2 E3 | 30 (6) 30 (6) 40 (8) | - | |
Oral health practices, % (n) Flossing | 45 (9) | 55 (22) | 0.586 |
Brushing frequency, % (n) ≤Once/day Twice/day ≥Three times/day | 45 (9) 55 (11) - | 27.5 (11) 72.5 (29) - | 0.246 |
Smoking, %(n) Yes No | 25 (5) 75 (15) | 85 (34) 15 (6) | 0.481 |
Variables | UC (n = 20) | Controls (n = 40) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis, % (n) | 0.011 | ||
Healthy periodontium | 5 (1) | 27.5 (11) | |
Stage I/II periodontitis | 40 (8) | 52.5 (21) | |
Stage III/IV periodontitis | 55 (11) | 20 (8) | |
Periodontal parameters, | |||
median (IQR) | |||
Number of teeth | 24 (5) | 25 (5) | 0.482 |
FMPS | 71.4 (24.62) | 54.1 (21.85) | 0.002 |
FMBS | 27.68 (15.73) | 23.7 (17.79) | 0.433 |
CAL | 4 (2) | 2.5 (4) | 0.010 |
Number of PPD ≥ 4 mm | 3.5 (5) | 1 (3) | <0.001 |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | 1.13 (1.06–1.20) | <0.001 |
Sex: Male | 0.47 (0.14–1.54) | 0.211 |
Smoking | 1.43 (0.36–5.66) | 0.611 |
FMPS (%) | 1.09 (1.04–1.16) | <0.001 |
FMBS (%) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.106 |
UC | Stage III/IV Periodontitis | |
---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
Crude | 4.0 (1.24–12.88) | 0.020 |
Adjusted for age | 9.14 (1.72–48.65) | 0.010 |
Adjusted for age and smoking | 8.93 (1.60–49.81) | 0.012 |
Adjusted for age and FMPS | 4.86 (0.77; 30.50) | 0.092 |
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Soronzonbold, A.; Khishigdorj, O.; Duger, D.; Batbayar, B. Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091355
Soronzonbold A, Khishigdorj O, Duger D, Batbayar B. Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(9):1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091355
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoronzonbold, Angar, Oyunkhishig Khishigdorj, Davaadorj Duger, and Bayarchimeg Batbayar. 2025. "Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 9: 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091355
APA StyleSoronzonbold, A., Khishigdorj, O., Duger, D., & Batbayar, B. (2025). Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case–Control Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(9), 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091355