Measurement of the Burden of Road Injuries in Colombia, 1990–2021
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Source of Information
2.2. Case Definition and Classification of Road Injuries
2.3. Measurements
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Prevalence, Incidence, and Mortality Cases and Age-Standardized Rate of Road Injuries
3.2. YLD, YLL, and DALY Numbers and Age-Standardized Rate of Road Injuries
3.3. Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Age-Standardized DALY Rate of Road Injuries
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AAPC | Average annual percent change |
APC | Annual percent change |
CI | Confidence interval |
DALY | Disability-adjusted life years |
GATHER | Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting |
GBD | Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study |
ICD | International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems |
IHME | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation |
SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
UI | Uncertainty interval |
YLD | Years lived with disability |
YLL | Years of life lost |
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Cause | Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 3418.8 | 2499.8 | −26.9 | 628.9 | 854.0 | −35.7 | 2346.6 | 1629.0 | −30.6 |
(3200.0; 3730.3) | (2294.1; 2722.3) | (−31.6; −21.6) | (566.7; 705.0) | (803.1; 900.1) | (−38.1; −32.7) | (2198.2; 2542.0) | (1506.1; 1760.8) | (−34.3; −26.4) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 709.7 | 298.5 | −57.9 | 322.4 | 163.0 | −49.4 | 511.3 | 226.7 | −55.7 |
(618.5; 815.8) | (260.9; 342.5) | (−59.6; −56.5) | (282.8; 363.2) | (143.4; 183.1) | (−51.4; −47.8) | (448.8; 583.7) | (199.1; 257.2) | (−57.2; −54.5) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 1697.1 | 445.2 | −73.8 | 628.9 | 190.6 | −69.7 | 1148.9 | 308.7 | −73.1 |
(1515.4; 1905.9) | (397.0; 510.1) | (−74.9; −72.6) | (566.7; 705.0) | (172.8; 211.1) | (−70.9; −68.3) | (1030.8; 1287.1) | (277.9; 348.5) | (−74.2; −72.1) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 308.8 | 1207.5 | 291.0 | 107.7 | 282.6 | 162.5 | 205.8 | 719.5 | 249.6 |
(263.1; 355.3) | (1023.9; 1395.9) | (270.1; 313.3) | (94.4; 122.3) | (244.6; 320.1) | (144.3; 179.4) | (177.4; 233.7) | (613.3; 826.7) | (230.0; 268.8) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 407.4 | 399.0 | −2.1 | 137.5 | 124.7 | −9.3 | 269.2 | 254.1 | −5.6 |
(346.7; 469.9) | (336.6; 459.9) | (−7.2; 2.7) | (114.9; 164.5) | (106.3; 146.8) | (−13.6; −4.9) | (231.0; 310.7) | (217.8; 293.0) | (−10.0; −1.5) | |
Other road injuries | 364.9 | 188.5 | −48.3 | 140.4 | 97.4 | −30.7 | 249.9 | 140.3 | −43.9 |
(317.4; 424.8) | (166.4; 217.9) | (−50.2; −46.2) | (121.0; 162.5) | (84.4; 110.9) | (−33.8; −28.0) | (217.9; 290.0) | (124.4; 160.7) | (−45.9; −41.9) | |
Cause | Age-Standardized Incidence Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 1324.1 | 982.8 | −25.8 | 502.5 | 332.4 | −33.8 | 903.5 | 654.6 | −27.5 |
(1254.7; 1390.7) | (923.6; 1045.8) | (−29.9; −21.1) | (476.2; 532.8) | (312.6; 355.5) | (−36.9; −30.6) | (862.9; 947.4) | (618.3; 690.3) | (−30.7; −24.4) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 338.7 | 160.8 | −52.5 | 155.6 | 86.6 | −44.4 | 244.5 | 123.3 | −49.6 |
(309.0; 370.2) | (143.1; 179.4) | (−56.4; −48.5) | (136.6; 176.3) | (73.7; 98.7) | (−48.3; −39.6) | (220.6; 268.5) | (109.3; 136.3) | (−52.7; −46.4) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 561.3 | 166.7 | −70.3 | 206.3 | 69.2 | −66.5 | 379.3 | 116.4 | −69.3 |
(516.9; 601.8) | (151.6; 180.3) | (−72.4; −68.1) | (188.9; 224.8) | (61.9; 77.0) | (−68.9; −63.8) | (352.4; 406.1) | (107.0; 126.6) | (−71.0; −67.5) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 75.6 | 363.2 | 380.6 | 24.7 | 77.6 | 214.1 | 49.4 | 220.2 | 345.2 |
(65.9; 85.3) | (327.2; 400.0) | (332.6; 431.5) | (19.3; 30.3) | (67.8; 88.0) | (171.6; 275.7) | (43.3; 56.2) | (199.8; 242.0) | (301.8; 394.1) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 192.4 | 206 | 7.1 | 53.7 | 52.9 | −1.5 | 121.8 | 128.8 | 5.7 |
(160.1; 233.6) | (181.7; 237.6) | (−4.2; 21.4) | (39.9; 74.4) | (40.3; 71.0) | (−11.7; 10.1) | (100.3; 151.0) | (112.5; 150.3) | (−4.1; 18.3) | |
Other road injuries | 156.1 | 86.1 | −44.9 | 62.1 | 46.1 | −25.8 | 108.3 | 65.8 | −39.2 |
(123.0; 194.8) | (68.9; 104.3) | (−50.2; −39.2) | (47.3; 78.2) | (35.7; 56.3) | (−32.6; −18.4) | (85.8; 134.1) | (52.6; 79.1) | (−43.9; −34.4) | |
Cause | Age-Standardized Mortality Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 37.0 | 23.6 | −36.3 | 10.8 | 5.1 | −52.7 | 23.5 | 14.0 | −40.6 |
(35.7; 38.3) | (19.7; 27.5) | (−46.7; −25.1) | (10.2; 11.3) | (4.3; 5.9) | (−60.1; −44.1) | (22.8; 24.3) | (11.8; 16.3) | (−50.0; −31.0) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 6.3 | 3.3 | −46.9 | 1.7 | 0.9 | −47.9 | 4.0 | 2.1 | −47.3 |
(5.9; 6.7) | (2.8; 4.0) | (−56.5; −36.5) | (1.6; 1.8) | (0.8; 1.1) | (−56.6; −37.9) | (3.8; 4.2) | (1.8; 2.5) | (−55.9; −37.5) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 25.7 | 8.7 | −66.4 | 8.2 | 2.5 | −68.9 | 16.7 | 5.4 | −67.8 |
(24.8; 26.7) | (7.2; 10.3) | (−71.8; −59.8) | (7.7; 8.7) | (2.2; 3.0) | (−74.2; −63.4) | (16.1; 17.3) | (4.6; 6.3) | (−72.8; −62.1) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 3.5 | 9.9 | 183.3 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 136.4 | 2.0 | 5.6 | 178.4 |
(3.2; 3.7) | (8.2; 11.6) | (136.6; 235.5) | (0.6; 0.7) | (1.2; 1.7) | (95.5; 183.3) | (1.9; 2.1) | (4.7; 6.5) | (133.8; 226.3) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 1.1 | 1.4 | 29.9 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −12.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 22.1 |
(1.0; 1.2) | (1.2; 1.7) | (5.2; 57.1) | (0.1; 0.2) | (0.1; 0.2) | (−28.7; −8.0) | (0.6; 0.7) | (0.6; 0.9) | (−0.2; 45.3) | |
Other road injuries | 0.4 | 0.3 | −27.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | −30.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | −29.3 |
(0.4; 0.5) | (0.2; 0.4) | (−42.9; −9.5) | (0.1; 0.1) | (0.0; 0.1) | (−44.6; −16.4) | (0.2; 0.3) | (0.1; 0.2) | (−42.4; −12.5) |
Cause | Age-Standardized Years Lived with Disability (YLD) Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 219.8 | 147.1 | −29.24 | 83.4 | 46.8 | −40.8 | 150.0 | 94.2 | −33.8 |
(161.4; 288.7) | (106.4; 194.2) | (−37.2; −29.2) | (61.2; 109.5) | (33.9; 62.7) | (−47.1; −40.8) | (110.4; 197.7) | (68.3; 124.6) | (−41.0; −33.8) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 58.8 | 19.9 | −59.2 | 21.5 | 10.0 | −51.0 | 35.8 | 14.7 | −57.4 |
(36.1; 66.6) | (14.0; 26.6) | (−62.8; −59.2) | (15.4; 28.1) | (7.3; 13.4) | (−55.6; −51.0) | (25.4; 46.8) | (10.4; 19.7) | (−60.6; −57.4) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 103.2 | 24.7 | −75.0 | 39.6 | 10.5 | −71.9 | 70.6 | 17.1 | −74.7 |
(74.6; 137.7) | (17.6; 33.5) | (−77.2; −75.0) | (28.9; 52.8) | (7.5; 14.4) | (−75.2; −71.9) | (51.2; 94.1) | (12.2; 23.3) | (−76.9; −74.7) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 20.0 | 70.5 | 273.7 | 7.2 | 15.7 | 136.2 | 13.5 | 41.7 | 229.3 |
(14.4; 26.9) | (49.6; 93.9) | (230.5; 273.7) | (5.2; 9.3) | (11.2; 21.0) | (97.8; 136.2) | (9.7; 17.8) | (29.4; 55.4) | (189.5; 229.3) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 22.4 | 20.8 | −2.3 | 6.8 | 5.5 | −13.1 | 14.4 | 12.7 | −7.28979039 |
(16.1; 29.9) | (14.8; 28.0) | (−12.0; −2.3) | (4.8; 9.3) | (3.9; 7.7) | (−24.5; −13.1) | (10.3; 19.4) | (9.1; 17.1) | (−16.3; −7.3) | |
Other road injuries | 23.3 | 11.3 | −49.6 | 8.3 | 5.1 | −34.9 | 15.6 | 8.0 | −46.5 |
(16.7; 30.8) | (8.0; 15.1) | (−53.4; −49.6) | (5.9; 11.3) | (3.6; 7.1) | (−41.9; −34.9) | (11.2; 20.7) | (5.7; 10.8) | (−50.6; −46.5) | |
Cause | Age-Standardized Years of Life Lost (YLL) Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 1752.4 | 1110.4 | −26.1 | 497.1 | 236.4 | −44.2 | 1110.6 | 666.3 | −30.5 |
(1684.7; 1823.2) | (935.2; 1288.8) | (−46.8; −26.1) | (470.2; 525.7) | (198.2; 276.0) | (−60.1; −44.2) | (1070.8; 1152.0) | (562.7; 770.3) | (−49.5; −30.5) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 328.5 | 169.9 | −38.4 | 90.0 | 46.5 | −38.2 | 206.3 | 107.3 | −38.3 |
(308.5; 351.1) | (142.5; 201.2) | (−57.4; −38.4) | (84.1; 96.0) | (38.7; 55.2) | (−57.0; −38.2) | (196.3; 218.2) | (90.5; 126.5) | (−56.4; −38.3) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 1153.3 | 316.5 | −67.3 | 359.1 | 95.1 | −68.3 | 747.8 | 201.5 | −68.08 |
(1101.5; 1205.4) | (266.4; 372.4) | (−77.1; −67.3) | (337.5; 380.6) | (80.0; 112.3) | (−78.1; −68.3) | (717.9; 779.4) | (170.8; 236.7) | (−77.4; −68.1) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 195.5 | 548.7 | 234.6 | 36.0 | 85.4 | 186.6 | 113.6 | 315.9 | 226.6 |
(181.1; 210.2) | (460.0; 642.1) | (134.2; 234.6) | (33.0; 39.1) | (71.5; 99.9) | (94.4; 186.6) | (106.4; 121.2) | (267.6; 367.6) | (133.9; 226.6) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 54.9 | 62.0 | 35.1 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 5.8 | 30.7 | 33.6 | 30.6 |
(50.5; 60.0) | (51.3; 73.4) | (−8.3; 35.1) | (6.7; 8.4) | (5.4; 7.8) | (−30.6; 5.8) | (28.5; 33.5) | (28.1; 39.7) | (−10.5; 30.6) | |
Other road injuries | 20.2 | 13.3 | −15.9 | 4.4 | 2.9 | −17.5 | 12.1 | 8.0 | −17.9 |
(17.6; 23.0) | (10.8; 16.3) | (−48.5; −15.9) | (4.0; 4.9) | (2.4; 3.6) | (−47.4; −17.5) | (10.8; 13.5) | (6.6; 9.6) | (−46.7; −17.9) | |
Cause | Age-Standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) Rate | ||||||||
(95% Uncertainty Intervals) | |||||||||
Male | % Change | Female | % Change | Total | % Change | ||||
1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | 1990 | 2021 | 1990–2021 | |
Road injuries | 1972.2 | 1257.5 | −36.2 | 580.5 | 283.2 | −51.2 | 1260.6 | 760.6 | −39.7 |
(1879.7; 2066.6) | (1090.6; 1455.7) | (−45.1; −27.0) | (545.4; 621.1) | (245.3; 327.2) | (−57.7; −44.1) | (1204.2; 1323.0) | (660.3; 877.9) | (−47.9; −31.3) | |
Motor vehicle road injuries | 379.3 | 189.8 | −50.0 | 111.5 | 56.5 | −49.3 | 242.1 | 122.0 | −49.6 |
(354.4; 405.0) | (161.7; 223.3) | (−58.0; −41.5) | (102.9; 120.7) | (48.3; 65.9) | (−56.3; −41.4) | (227.7; 257.5) | (105.6; 141.1) | (−56.8; −41.5) | |
Pedestrian road injuries | 1256.5 | 341.2 | −72.8 | 398.7 | 105.5 | −73.5 | 818.5 | 218.6 | −73.3 |
(1198.8; 1315.5) | (291.0; 397.8) | (−77.0; −68.0) | (374.8; 426.5) | (89.9; 122.8) | (−77.7; −68.8) | (781.4; 855.0) | (187.9; 253.8) | (−77.3; −68.7) | |
Motorcyclist road injuries | 215.5 | 619.2 | 187.3 | 43.2 | 101.1 | 134.1 | 127.1 | 357.7 | 181.5 |
(200.7; 232.6) | (532.0; 715.6) | (146.4; 236.1) | (39.5; 46.8) | (87.5; 117.6) | (99.2; 174.8) | (119.5; 136.0) | (308.7; 410.3) | (143.4; 224.2) | |
Cyclist road injuries | 77.3 | 82.8 | 7.1 | 14.4 | 12.0 | −16.6 | 45.2 | 46.3 | 2.5 |
(69.2; 86.1) | (71.2; 97.5) | (−8.2; 22.5) | (12.2; 17.0) | (9.9; 14.5) | (−25.4; −6.2) | (40.4; 50.6) | (40.1; 54.4) | (−10.8; 16.8) | |
Other road injuries | 43.5 | 24.6 | −43.5 | 12.7 | 8.1 | −36.83 | 27.8 | 16.0 | −42.3 |
(36.0; 51.3) | (20.4; 28.7) | (−49.8; −35.2) | (10.3; 15.8) | (6.5; 10.1) | (−42.5; −31.1) | (22.9; 33.2) | (13.3; 18.9) | (−47.7; −35.3) |
Road Injuries | Motor Vehicle Road Injuries | Pedestrian Road Injuries | |||
Period | APC (CI) | Period | APC (CI) | Period | APC (CI) |
1990–1996 | 1.6 (0.6; 2.6) * | 1990–1996 | 3.6 (1.9; 5.4) * | 1990–1995 | 0.5 (−0.4; 1.5) |
1996–2001 | −7.0 (−9.2; −5.7) * | 1996–2001 | −6.9 (−9.8; −4.7) * | 1995–2000 | −9.8 (−11.2; −8.8) * |
2001–2012 | −1.2 (−2.2; −0.7) * | 2001–2014 | −3.7 (−4.4; −2.3) * | 2000–2012 | −4.4 (−4.9; −4.1) * |
2012–2016 | 2.1 (0.2; 3.9) * | 2014–2017 | 3.9 (−3.8; 5.9) | 2012–2017 | −1.6 (−2.6; 0.4) |
2016–2021 | −3.9 (−5.5; −2.8) * | 2017–2021 | −4.1 (−8.2; −0.9) * | 2017–2021 | −5.5 (−7.7; −4.3) * |
Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) 1990–2021 | |||||
−1.6 (−1.8; −1.5) * | −2.2 (−2.5; −1.9) * | −4.2 (−4.4; −4.1) * | |||
Motorcyclist Road Injuries | Cyclist Road Injuries | Other Road Injuries | |||
Period | APC (CI) | Period | APC (CI) | Period | APC (CI) |
1990–1998 | 9.3 (7.3; 10.6) * | 1990–1999 | 4.5 (4.1; 5.1) * | 1990–1995 | −0.3 (−2.3; 0.7) |
1998–2002 | −6.0 (−9.4; 11.0) | 1999–2004 | 1.3 (0.2; 3.0) * | 1995–1998 | 2.0 (−2.2; 2.8) |
2002–2008 | 7.6 (−5.4; 12.4) | 2004–2009 | −3.0 (−4.0; −1.1) * | 1998–2009 | −1.3 (−5.5; −0.4) * |
2008–2016 | 4.9 (0.2; 6.1) * | 2009–2012 | −6.5 (−7.3; −4.2) * | 2009–2012 | −5.6 (−6.2; −1.9) * |
2016–2021 | −3.9 (−6.6; −1.8) * | 2012–2021 | −1.0 (−1.4; −0.5) * | 2012–2021 | −3.1 (−3.8; −2.1) * |
Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) 1990–2021 | |||||
3.6 (3.3; 3.8) * | 0.1 (0.0; 0.1) | −1.8 (−1.9; −1.7) * |
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Cardona-Arango, D.; Gutiérrez-Ossa, J.A.; Montenegro-Martínez, G.; Segura-Cardona, Á.M.; Muñoz-Rodríguez, D.I.; Giraldo-Rodríguez, L.; Agudelo-Botero, M. Measurement of the Burden of Road Injuries in Colombia, 1990–2021. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081201
Cardona-Arango D, Gutiérrez-Ossa JA, Montenegro-Martínez G, Segura-Cardona ÁM, Muñoz-Rodríguez DI, Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Agudelo-Botero M. Measurement of the Burden of Road Injuries in Colombia, 1990–2021. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(8):1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081201
Chicago/Turabian StyleCardona-Arango, Doris, Jahir Alexander Gutiérrez-Ossa, Gino Montenegro-Martínez, Ángela María Segura-Cardona, Diana Isabel Muñoz-Rodríguez, Liliana Giraldo-Rodríguez, and Marcela Agudelo-Botero. 2025. "Measurement of the Burden of Road Injuries in Colombia, 1990–2021" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 8: 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081201
APA StyleCardona-Arango, D., Gutiérrez-Ossa, J. A., Montenegro-Martínez, G., Segura-Cardona, Á. M., Muñoz-Rodríguez, D. I., Giraldo-Rodríguez, L., & Agudelo-Botero, M. (2025). Measurement of the Burden of Road Injuries in Colombia, 1990–2021. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(8), 1201. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22081201