Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Variable Definitions
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean | SD | CV | Min | IQR | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Below 150% poverty (%) | 22.55 | 14.26 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 74.70 |
Civilian (age 16+) unemployment (%) | 6.69 | 4.31 | 0.64 | 0.00 | 5.40 | 29.20 |
No high school diploma (age 25+) (%) | 13.56 | 11.07 | 0.82 | 0.00 | 12.80 | 59.80 |
Uninsured (%) | 11.23 | 7.46 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 10.20 | 50.10 |
Aged 65 and older (%) | 17.10 | 12.01 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 11.10 | 100.00 |
Aged 17 and younger (%) | 21.78 | 7.65 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 10.40 | 41.80 |
Disability (%) | 13.11 | 5.80 | 0.44 | 0.00 | 7.00 | 38.40 |
Single-parent households with children under 18 (%) | 6.96 | 5.15 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 6.60 | 31.50 |
Individuals speak English “less than well” (%) | 5.38 | 6.22 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 6.50 | 36.20 |
Minority (%) | 49.83 | 22.68 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 35.80 | 96.60 |
Housing in structures with 10 or more units (%) | 13.04 | 17.94 | 1.38 | 0.00 | 19.20 | 99.00 |
Mobile homes (%) | 5.77 | 12.74 | 2.21 | 0.00 | 3.40 | 76.20 |
Households with more people than rooms (%) | 4.31 | 4.82 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 5.60 | 30.60 |
Households with no vehicle available (%) | 7.31 | 9.09 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 8.10 | 55.80 |
Group quarters (%) | 1.27 | 5.99 | 4.72 | 0.00 | 0.20 | 87.90 |
Inactive commuting (%) | 95.11 | 6.52 | 0.07 | 31.48 | 5.43 | 100.00 |
Park deprivation (%) | 97.32 | 6.35 | 0.07 | 34.09 | 2.73 | 100.00 |
Retail density (jobs/acre) | 12.01 | 57.89 | 4.82 | 0.00 | 9.20 | 1075.72 |
Low-income homeowners with severe housing cost burdens (%) | 5.88 | 5.28 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 7.19 | 34.78 |
Low-income renters with severe housing cost burdens (%) | 16.52 | 12.41 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 19.44 | 60.42 |
Inadequate housing (%) | 69.77 | 44.25 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 90.00 | 100.00 |
Segregation based on index of dissimilarity (point) | 32.87 | 12.66 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 15.88 | 98.69 |
Population density (persons/mile2) | 15.07 | 131.07 | 8.70 | 0.13 | 0.54 | 2182.76 |
Variable | Mean | SD | IQR | Primary Contributor # (%) * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Below 150% poverty | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
Civilian (age 16+) unemployment | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
No high school diploma (age 25+) | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.03–0.09 | 14 (66.67) |
Uninsured | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.02 | 4 (19.05) |
Aged 65 and older | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.01 | 2 (9.52) |
Aged 17 and younger | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.05–0.12 | 17 (80.95) |
Disability | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.01 | 1 (4.76) |
Single-parent households with children under 18 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.02 | 1 (4.76) |
Individuals speak English “less than well” | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.00–0.10 | 10 (47.62) |
Minority | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.13–0.24 | 18 (85.71) |
Housing in structures with 10 or more units | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.01 | 1 (4.76) |
Mobile homes | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.04 | 4 (19.05) |
Households with more people than rooms | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
Households with no vehicle available | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
Group quarters | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.02 | 2 (9.52) |
Inactive commuting | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.07–0.18 | 21 (100.00) |
Park deprivation | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.04–0.16 | 15 (71.43) |
Retail density | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
Low-income homeowners with severe housing cost burdens | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.02 | 0 (0.00) |
Low-income renters with severe housing cost burdens | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.01 | 2 (9.52) |
Inadequate housing | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.11–0.21 | 21 (100.00) |
Segregation | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00–0.04 | 4 (19.05) |
Population density | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0 (0.00) |
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Chien, L.-C.; Chen, L.-W.A.; Cross, C.L.; Gelaw, E.; Collins, C.; Zhang, L.; Mangla, A.T.; Lockett, C. Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030326
Chien L-C, Chen L-WA, Cross CL, Gelaw E, Collins C, Zhang L, Mangla AT, Lockett C. Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(3):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030326
Chicago/Turabian StyleChien, Lung-Chang, L.-W. Antony Chen, Chad L. Cross, Edom Gelaw, Cheryl Collins, Lei Zhang, Anil T. Mangla, and Cassius Lockett. 2025. "Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 3: 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030326
APA StyleChien, L.-C., Chen, L.-W. A., Cross, C. L., Gelaw, E., Collins, C., Zhang, L., Mangla, A. T., & Lockett, C. (2025). Unveiling Community Vulnerability to COVID-19 Incidence: A Population-Based Spatial Analysis in Clark County, Nevada. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(3), 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22030326