Developing a Female Sex Worker-Led Program to Improve the Uptake of Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in South Africa: An Intervention Mapping Study

In 2016, the South African government approved free oral PrEP distribution among high-risk groups like female sex workers (FSWs) to reduce new HIV infections. Despite the availability, unique barriers exist that challenge PrEP persistence, including limited knowledge, side effects, stigma, and mobility that hinder adherence. As such, engaging FSWs in the design of an FSW-led intervention program is crucial to promote PrEP uptake, adherence, and retention. Processes of an intervention mapping approach were applied to design and develop the program in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A needs analysis was completed through existing literature and through engagements with FSWs, FSW peer educators, and a healthcare provider. The working group, comprising eight FSW peer educators and a researcher, co-created the intervention following a six-step mapping process. A total of six meetings took place, during which intervention determinants, change objectives, theory-based methods, and the intervention program were discussed and formulated, as well as implementing partners and the evaluation plan identified. The program focuses on the development of agency, self-efficacy, and hope among FSWs and aims to destigmatize PrEP through positive messaging, equipping FSWs with the ability to differentiate PrEP from ARVs given to people living with HIV. Through role-playing, participants will practice discussing PrEP with their intimate partners and friends, receive suggestions on managing pill supply and side effects, and be equipped to become PrEP ambassadors. The introduction of PrEP as a pill for high-risk groups can be stigmatizing. Therefore, it is crucial to involve marginalized groups in the design and implementation of their interventions to foster acceptance and develop a sense of ownership, ensuring the programs’ sustainability.