Challenges to Physical Activity Participation Among Older People Living with HIV: Scoping Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Search Results
3.2. Characteristics of Selected Studies
Author and Year | Study Origin | Study Approach | Sample Characteristics | Purpose of Study | The Outcome in Relation to the Scoping Review |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Johs et al. (2019) [16] | USA | Qualitative study using focus group discussions. | 29 PWLH; median age women 56, men 57 years. | To describe barriers and benefits to exercise among OPLWH. |
|
Li et al. (2023) [38] | USA | Quantitative study. | 174 PLWH Mean 51.3 years. | To assess factors associated with physical activity performance among PLWH and HIV-negative controls. |
|
Derry-Vick et al. (2022) [39] | USA | Quantitative study using biomedical measures of physical function, depression, pain, and inflammatory markers. | 160 OPLWH Mean age 61 years. | To investigate cross-sectional assessments between pain, physical function, and inflammatory markers. |
|
Nguyen et al. (2017) [40] | USA | Qualitative study using four focus group discussions. | 27 OPLWH Mean age 54 years. | To seek feedback from a community-based exercise intervention programme. |
|
Simonik et al. (2016) [41] | Canada | Descriptive qualitative study. | 14 PLWH Median age 50 years. | To assess readiness to engage in exercise among PLWH with multimorbidity. |
|
Solomon et al. (2021) [42] | Canada | Longitudinal qualitative study. | 11 OPLWH Median age 52 years. | To assess the experiences of PLWH who engaged in a physical activity programme. |
|
Bernard et al. (2021) [25] | Cote d’Ivoire and Senegal | Cross-sectional analytical study. | 333 OPLWH Median age 57 years. | To describe the prevalence of physical function and factors associated with poor physical function impairment among OPLWH. |
|
Montgomery et al. (2017) [43] | Canada | Descriptive qualitative study. | 11 PLWH median age 52 years. | To explore the experiences of PLWH engaged in a community-based exercise programme. |
|
Homayouni et al. (2021) [44] | Canada | Descriptive qualitative study | 10 OPLWH median 58 years | To explore experiences of a physiotherapy-led exercise programme among PLWH. |
|
Qin et al. (2022) [45] | China | Cross-sectional study | 315 OPLWH Mean age 61.3 years | To compare neurocognitive performance between OPLWH and HIV-negative controls, and assess if HIV neurocognitive function was mediated by depression and physical activity. |
|
Tatsilong Pambou et al. (2023) [22] | Cameroon | Cross-sectional study | 136 OPLWH mean age 57.07 | To determine levels of physical activity and quality of life, and to determine the extent to which quality of life domains influence physical activity. |
|
Duncan et al. (2020) [11] | UK | Mixed methods study | 23 PLWH Average 54 years | To describe the feasibility and acceptability of an individualised diet and physical activity intervention to reduce type 2 diabetes among PLWH. |
|
Wright et al. (2021) [31] | Uganda | Mixed, observational study | 30 PLWH Mean age 58 years | To describe and compare the meaning, value, and patterns of physical activity and diet among OPLWH and HIV. |
|
Chetty et al. (2022) [15] | South Africa | Phenomenological qualitative study. | 16 OPLWH mean age: women 60 years, men 64 years. | To explore OPLWH perceptions of physical activity and exercise. |
|
Voigt et al. (2023) [46] | USA | Secondary data analysis. | 100 OPLWH aged 50 years and above. | To assess the physical activity levels among OPLWH and evaluate the relationship with environmental factors. |
|
Neff et al. (2018) [47] | USA | Qualitative study using focus group discussions. | 19 older men living with HIV. | To assess the barriers and facilitators to initiating an exercise programme among OPLWH. |
|
Quigley et al. (2019) [48] | Canada | Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. | 12 OPLWH mean age 56.6 years. | To use the Theoretical Domains Framework to assess barriers and facilitators to participation in exercise among OPLWH. |
|
3.3. Outcomes from the Assessment of Risk of Bias
3.4. What Are the Characteristics of OPLWH Experiencing Challenges in Physical Activity Participation?
Scheme | Percentage of Men/Women | Type and Percentage of Comorbidities | Average/Mean/Median Duration of HIV Infection or Year of HIV Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|
Johs et al. (2019) [16] | 86.2% men | Hypertension (34.5%) Diabetes (6.9%) Hyperlipidaemia (20.7%) Depression/anxiety (65.5% Osteoporosis (3.5%) | Mean = 20 years for exercising men, 20 years for non-exercising men, and 15 years for all women |
Li et al. (2023) [38] | 62.1% men | Not specified | Mean = 16.72 years |
Neff et al. (2019) [47] | 100.0% men | * Three or more comorbidities (79.0%) | Mean = 19.6 years |
Nguyen et al. (2017) [40] | 81.5% men | Chronic pain (100.0%) | Mean = 21.3 years |
Tatsilong Pambou et al. (2023) [22] | 61.0% women | Not specified | HIV duration was not stated; however, 57% of OPLWH had been on ART for less than 7 years. |
Derry-Vick et al. (2022) [39] | 67.0% men | Depressive symptoms (50.0%), Severe to moderate pain (48.0%) Mild to very mild pain (38.0%) | Mean = 23 years |
Qin et al. (2022) [45] | 73.0% men | * The mean number of chronic illnesses was 1.3 | 79% had received an HIV diagnosis within 4 years |
Simonik et al. (2016) [41] | 64.0% men | Addiction (50.0%) Asthma (35.7%) Cancer (35.7%) Eye disorders (35.7%) Hepatitis C (35.7%) Mental Health conditions (28.6%) Muscle pain (28.6%) Joint pain (28.6%) Hypertension (21.4%) Peripheral neuropathy (14.3%) Arrhythmia (14.3%) Frailty (14.3%) Neurocognitive decline (14.3%) | Median year of diagnosis: 1991 |
Voigt et al. (2023) [46] | 50.0% women and 50.0% men | Cardiac conditions (35%) Respiratory disorders (17.0%) Musculoskeletal conditions (22.0%) Metabolic disorders (11.0%) Mood disorders (43.0%) Sexually Transmitted Infections (21.0%) | Average = 21 years |
Chetty et al. (2022) [15] | 56.3% men | Not specified | Average = 8 years for men Average = 12 years for women |
Duncan et al. (2020) [11] | 75.0% men | Impaired fasting blood glucose (100%) | Mean 15.6 years |
Homayouni et al. (2021) [44] | 80.0% men | Mental health conditions (70.0%), Cardiovascular conditions (60.0%) Bone and joint disorders (40.0%) Diabetes (20.0%) Eye disorders (30.0%) Muscle pain (50.0%) | Median year of diagnosis: 1994 |
Wright et al. (2021) [31] | 68.0% women | Cardiovascular disease (9.0%), Diabetes (26.0%), High cholesterol (88.5%), Chronic kidney disease (9.0%) Tuberculosis (21.5%). | Mean 15.6 years |
Quigley et al. (2019) [48] | 75.0% men | Not specified | Mean 20 years |
Montgomery et al. (2017) [43] | 64.0% men | Mental health conditions (55.0%) Bone and joint disorders (45.0%) High cholesterol (36.0%) Neurocognitive decline (36.0%) Addiction (27.0%) Human papilloma virus (27.0%) Peripheral neuropathy (27.0%) | Median year of diagnosis: 2004 |
Solomon et al. (2021) [42] | 64.0% men | Joint pain (45.0%) Mental health conditions (45.0%) High cholesterol (45.0%) Elevated lipid levels (36.0%) Muscle pain (27.0%) Bone and joint disorders (27.0%) Elevated triglycerides (27.0%) | Median year of HIV diagnosis: 2006 |
Bernard et al. (2020) [25] | 57.7% women | Hypertension (21.9%) Arthrosis (15.6%) Migraine (10.2%) Diabetes (6.0%) Hyperlipidaemia (3.6%) Hepatitis B or C (2.7%) | Median = 9 years |
3.5. Where Do OPLWH Experience Challenges in Physical Activity Participation?
3.6. What Are the Challenges Experienced by OPLWH in Physical Activity Participation?
3.6.1. Individual-Related Challenges to Physical Activity Participation
- Poor Physical Health and Multimorbidity
- Pain experienced by OPLWH
- Depression among OPLWH
- Individual Challenges Related to the OPLWH’s Agency
- Lack of motivation
3.6.2. Challenges Experienced in the Community or Environment
- HIV-Related Stigma
- Negative gym experiences
- Safety concerns in the environment
3.7. The Conceptual Diagram of Study Findings
4. Discussion
Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OPLWH | Older People Living With HIV |
HIV | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
PRISMA | Preferred Reporting |
ART | Antiretroviral Therapy |
USA | United States of America |
UK | United Kingdom |
AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
WHO | World Health Organization |
PCC | Population Concept and Context |
LMIC | Low-to-Middle-Income Countries |
GAPPA | Global Action Plan on Physical Activity |
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Mhlanga, N.L.; Mabunda, S.A. Challenges to Physical Activity Participation Among Older People Living with HIV: Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101513
Mhlanga NL, Mabunda SA. Challenges to Physical Activity Participation Among Older People Living with HIV: Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(10):1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101513
Chicago/Turabian StyleMhlanga, Nongiwe Linette, and Sikhumbuzo A. Mabunda. 2025. "Challenges to Physical Activity Participation Among Older People Living with HIV: Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 10: 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101513
APA StyleMhlanga, N. L., & Mabunda, S. A. (2025). Challenges to Physical Activity Participation Among Older People Living with HIV: Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(10), 1513. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101513