Healthy Aging in Colombia 2018 and Its Variation in Relation to Social Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design and Data Source
2.2. Data Processing
3. Results
3.1. Disability-Free Life Expectancy and Disability Expectancy at Birth
3.2. Life Expectancy and Disability Expectancy at Age 60
3.3. Bivariate Correlation of DFLE at Birth with Social Variables
3.4. Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA)
3.5. Multiple Associations in Urban Areas
3.6. Distribution and Contribution of Indicators in Urban Area
3.7. Multiple Associations in Rural Areas
3.8. Distribution and Contribution of Indicators in Rural Areas
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Social Conditions | Indicator | Operational Definition |
---|---|---|
Sense Morbidity and Disability | % Presence of health problems in the last 30 days | |
% Physical limitations | ||
Disability rate | ||
Disability Expectancy (DE) at birth and age 60 | ; | |
Health Service Delivery | % Attention to health problems | × 100 |
% Quality of care | ||
Mortality | Specific mortality rate (60 years and over) | |
Healthy Life Expectancy | DFLE at birth and age 60 | |
Educational Status and Capacities | % People according to literacy | |
% Attendance at an educational center | ||
% Highest educational attainment | ||
Economic conditions | % Of activities according to work situation | |
Multidimensional poverty index |
Statistic (W) | N | Minimum | Maximum | Mean |
68 | 0.350 | 0.996 | 0.890 | |
Significance (p-value) | 68 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.310 |
Group | Indicators | Label Urban Area | Label Rural Area |
---|---|---|---|
G1. Education | % Older People in: Illiteracy | AC | AR |
% Old People Level of Studies: Academic Average | MAC | MAR | |
% Old People Level of Studies: Technologist | TgC | TgR | |
% Old People Level of Studies: University | UC | UR | |
% Older People Who Do Not Attend an Educational Center | IC | IR | |
G2. Socio-economic | Multidimensional Poverty Index of Older People | IPM60C | IPM60R |
% Older People Living on Retirement | VJC | VJR | |
G3. Sense Morbidity and Disability | % Older People Who Were Sick | EC | ER |
% Older People with Physical Limitations | LFC | LFR | |
Disability Rate | TDC | TDR | |
Disability Expectation at Birth | EDC | EDR | |
Disability Expectation > 60 years | ED60C | ED60R | |
G4. Mortality | Specific Mortality Rate of Older People | TEMC | TEMR |
G5. Health Care | % Older People Who Did Not Receive Health Care | NAtnC | NAtnR |
% Older People who Reported Very Poor Quality of Health Care | CMMC | CMMR | |
G6. DFLEN | Disability-Free Life Expectancy at Birth | EVLDC | EVLDR |
G7. DFLE60 | Disability-Free Life Expectancy > 60 years | EVLD60C | EVLD60R |
National | Men | Woman |
---|---|---|
LE at Birth | 73.3 | 79.8 |
LE Urban | 74.2 | 80.3 |
LE Rural | 71.2 | 78.2 |
DFLE | 66.9 | 71.5 |
DFLE Urban | 67.7 | 72.1 |
DFLE Rural | 63.1 | 67.7 |
DE | 6.4 | 8.3 |
DE Urban | 6.4 | 8.2 |
DE Rural | 8.1 | 10.4 |
National | Rango | Mínimum | Máximum | Average | Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LE at Birth Men | 16.6 | 60.3 | 77.0 | 71.6 | 3.6935 |
LE at Birth Women | 15.1 | 66.9 | 82.0 | 78.1 | 3.3059 |
DFLE Men | 16.4 | 54.4 | 70.8 | 65.6 | 3.5711 |
DFLE Women | 17.1 | 60.5 | 77.6 | 70.3 | 3.1989 |
National | Men | Women |
---|---|---|
LE60 | 21.1 | 24.1 |
LE60 Urban | 21.3 | 24.2 |
LE60 Rural | 20.6 | 23.6 |
DFLE60 | 16.4 | 18.0 |
DFLE60 Urban | 16.7 | 18.4 |
DFLE60 Rural | 14.5 | 16.0 |
DE60 | 4.6 | 6.1 |
DE60 Urban | 4.6 | 5.9 |
DE60 Rural | 6.0 | 7.6 |
Social Conditions | Variables | Pearson Coefficient | |
---|---|---|---|
DFLE Men | DFLE Women | ||
Sense Morbidity and Disability | Sick Yes | −0.41 | −0.41 |
Physical Limitation Yes | −0.48 | −0.49 | |
Disability Rate | −0.34 | −0.53 | |
Mortality | Mortality Rate 60 years | 0.39 | 0.35 |
Provision of services | He Was Treated No | −0.72 | −0.60 |
Very Good Quality | 0.36 | 0.54 | |
Very Bad Quality | −0.33 | −0.12 | |
Educational situation | Alphabet No | −0.40 | −0.65 |
Attendance No | −0.45 | 0.55 | |
Preschool | −0.52 | −0.48 | |
Academic or Classical Media | 0.61 | 0.74 | |
Professional or Technological Technique | 0.52 | 0.70 | |
University | 0.59 | 0.62 | |
None | −0.31 | −0.58 | |
Socioeconomic situation | Lived on retirement, pension, or rent | 0.48 | 0.62 |
MPI 60 years | −0.67 | −0.64 |
Groups | Educational | Socioeconomic | Sense Morbidity | Mortality | Health Care | DFLE | DFLE60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educational | 1 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.19 |
Socioeconomic | 0.74 | 1 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.08 |
Sense Morbidity | 0.34 | 0.20 | 1 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.53 |
Mortality | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.12 | 0.26 | 0.33 |
Healthcare | 0.20 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 1 | 0.17 | 0.13 |
DFLE | 0.34 | 0.22 | 0.48 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 1 | 0.80 |
DFLE60 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.53 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.80 | 1 |
MFA | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 0.75 | 0.71 |
Groups | Educational | Socioeconomic | Sense Morbidity | Mortality | Health Care | DFLE | DFLE60 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Educational | 1 | 0.81 | 0.36 | 0.08 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.07 |
Socioeconomic | 0.81 | 1 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.3 | 0.04 |
Sense Morbidity | 0.36 | 0.21 | 1 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.34 | 0.52 |
Mortality | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
Healthcare | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.33 | 0.09 |
DFLE | 0.29 | 0.3 | 0.34 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 1 | 0.33 |
DFLE60 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.52 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.33 | 1 |
MFA | 0.71 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.63 | 0.49 |
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Fernández-Ortiz, Y.N. Healthy Aging in Colombia 2018 and Its Variation in Relation to Social Conditions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091244
Fernández-Ortiz YN. Healthy Aging in Colombia 2018 and Its Variation in Relation to Social Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(9):1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091244
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernández-Ortiz, Yesika Natali. 2024. "Healthy Aging in Colombia 2018 and Its Variation in Relation to Social Conditions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 9: 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091244
APA StyleFernández-Ortiz, Y. N. (2024). Healthy Aging in Colombia 2018 and Its Variation in Relation to Social Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(9), 1244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091244