Next Article in Journal
Hypoxia Pathway in Osteoporosis: Laboratory Data for Clinical Prospects
Previous Article in Journal
Contextualizing Adolescent Female Physical Activity Behavior: A Descriptive Study
Previous Article in Special Issue
Perceptions of Parenting during the COVID-19 Quarantine Period, in Suceava, the Epicenter of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Romania
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJERPH
Volume 20
Issue 4
10.3390/ijerph20043131
ijerph-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal

by
Alexandra Costa
1,*,
Teresa Caldas de Almeida
1,
Mónica Fialho
2,3,
Célia Rasga
1,4,
Hugo Martiniano
1,4,
Osvaldo Santos
2,3,5,
Ana Virgolino
2,3,
Astrid Moura Vicente
1,4 and
Maria João Heitor
2,3,6,7,8
1
Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
3
Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
4
BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
5
Unbreakable Idea Research, 2550-426 Painho, Portugal
6
Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal
7
Sociedade Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, 1050-096 Lisboa, Portugal
8
Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Saúde (CIIS), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 2635-631 Sintra, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043131
Submission received: 17 January 2023 / Revised: 1 February 2023 / Accepted: 6 February 2023 / Published: 10 February 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Psychological Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Different At-Risk Population Groups)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic increased psychosocial risk factors among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Objective: To characterize Portuguese HCPs mental health (MH), estimate anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout symptoms, and identify risk/protective factors. A cross-sectional online survey and a longitudinal assessment were conducted in 2020 (T0) and 2021 (T1). Sociodemographic and occupational variables, COVID-19-related experiences and protective behavior data were collected from a non-probabilistic sample of HCPs in Portugal. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, burnout and resilience were assessed using the Portuguese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), respectively. Risk and protective factors were identified through simple and multiple logistic regression models. Overall, 2027 participants answered the survey in T0 and 1843 in T1. The percentage of moderate-to-severe symptoms decreased from T0 to T1; however, a considerable proportion of HCPs reported symptoms of distress in both years. Being a woman, working in a COVID-19-treatment frontline position and work–life balance increased the odds of distress. High resilience, good social/family support, and hobbies/lifestyle maintenance were found to be protective factors. Globally, our results show that performing as a HCP during the pandemic may result in long-term effects on MH.
Keywords: anxiety; depression; stress disorders; post-traumatic; professional burnout; resilience; mental health promotion; risk and protective factors anxiety; depression; stress disorders; post-traumatic; professional burnout; resilience; mental health promotion; risk and protective factors

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Costa, A.; Caldas de Almeida, T.; Fialho, M.; Rasga, C.; Martiniano, H.; Santos, O.; Virgolino, A.; Vicente, A.M.; Heitor, M.J. Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043131

AMA Style

Costa A, Caldas de Almeida T, Fialho M, Rasga C, Martiniano H, Santos O, Virgolino A, Vicente AM, Heitor MJ. Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043131

Chicago/Turabian Style

Costa, Alexandra, Teresa Caldas de Almeida, Mónica Fialho, Célia Rasga, Hugo Martiniano, Osvaldo Santos, Ana Virgolino, Astrid Moura Vicente, and Maria João Heitor. 2023. "Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 3131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043131

APA Style

Costa, A., Caldas de Almeida, T., Fialho, M., Rasga, C., Martiniano, H., Santos, O., Virgolino, A., Vicente, A. M., & Heitor, M. J. (2023). Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043131

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop