Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Site
2.2. Study Design and Participants
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction
2.3.2. Covariates
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 210 | 41.88 | |
Female | 279 | 58.13 | |
Education | |||
Primary school or below | 58 | 12.08 | |
Junior middle school | 198 | 41.25 | |
High school | 147 | 30.63 | |
College or above | 77 | 16.04 | |
Marital status | |||
Not married | 14 | 2.92 | |
Married | 384 | 80.0 | |
Divorced | 22 | 4.58 | |
Widowed | 60 | 12.50 | |
Living situation | |||
Alone | 86 | 17.92 | |
With spouse | 282 | 58.75 | |
With children | 54 | 11.25 | |
With spouse and offspring | 58 | 12.08 | |
Average monthly household income | |||
Low (<3000 RMB) | 33 | 6.88 | |
Middle (3000–4999 RMB) | 98 | 20.42 | |
Upper middle (5000–9999 RMB) | 250 | 52.08 | |
High (10,000–19,999 RMB) | 89 | 18.54 | |
Very high (20,000- RMB) | 10 | 2.08 | |
Physical activity level | |||
Low | 364 | 75.83 | |
Medium | 106 | 22.08 | |
High | 10 | 2.08 | |
Community | |||
Lvba | 151 | 31.46 | |
Changzheng | 89 | 18.54 | |
Yuejin | 120 | 25.0 | |
Songer | 120 | 25.0 | |
Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 69.83 | 6.11 | |
BMI | 23.55 | 3.27 | |
Sleep hours | 6.56 | 1.25 | |
Environment satisfaction | 76.82 | 12.40 | |
Median | IQR | ||
Coproduction | 8 | 2 | |
Affective commitment | 5 | 1 | |
EQ-VAS | 87.5 | 15 |
Variable | Environmental Satisfaction Score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | F/t | p | ||
Gender | −0.22 | 0.822 a | ||
Male | 76.66 (12.81) | |||
Female | 76.92 (12.12) | |||
Education | 2.94 | 0.033 b | ||
Primary school or below | 79.19 (12.45) | |||
Junior middle school | 77.99 (11.93) | |||
High school | 74.61 (12.71) | |||
College or above | 76.22 (12.49) | |||
Marital status | 0.84 | 0.472 b | ||
Not married | 78.21 (13.66) | |||
Married | 76.42 (12.43) | |||
Divorced | 80.09 (11.94) | |||
Widowed | 77.85 (12.12) | |||
Living situation | 4.23 | 0.006 b | ||
Alone | 81.06 (10.63) | |||
With spouse | 75.91 (12.53) | |||
Whit offspring | 75.33 (13.83) | |||
Whit spouse and offspring | 76.31 (11.80) | |||
Average monthly household income | 0.81 | 0.521 b | ||
Low (<3000 RMB) | 80.21 (12.05) | |||
Middle (3000–4999 RMB) | 76.68 (12.30) | |||
Upper middle (5000–9999 RMB) | 76.81 (12.55) | |||
High (10,000–19,999 RMB) | 75.69 (12.31) | |||
Very high (20,000- RMB) | 77.20 (12.02) | |||
Physical activity level | 4.25 | 0.015 b | ||
Light | 75.95 (12.37) | |||
Medium | 79.90 (11.62) | |||
High | 75.70 (17.18) | |||
Community | 57.83 | <0.001 b | ||
Lvba | 76.25 (10.73) | |||
Changzheng | 79.90 (9.93) | |||
Yuejin | 84.84 (10.24) | |||
Songer | 67.22 (11.43) |
Variable | Environmental Satisfaction | EQ-VAS |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | −0.07 a | −0.18 b |
BMI | 0.05 a | −0.01 b |
Sleep hours | 0.15 a | 0.23 b |
Co-production | 0.86 b | 0.24 b |
Affective commitment | 0.80 b | 0.19 b |
Environmental satisfaction | 1.0 a | 0.27 b |
EQ-VAS | 0.27 b | 1.0 b |
Null Model | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | β | 95% CI | p | |
Level 1 | Co-production | 6.71 | [6.28,7.14] | <0.001 | 4.68 | [4.09,5.28] | <0.001 | |||
Education | ||||||||||
Primary school or below | Reference | |||||||||
Junior middle school | 0.39 | [−1.33,2.12] | 0.654 | |||||||
High school | −0.51 | [−2.33,1.32] | 0.588 | |||||||
College or above | −2.02 | [−4.07,0.02] | 0.052 | |||||||
Living situation | ||||||||||
Alone | Reference | |||||||||
With spouse | −0.49 | [−1.94,0.95] | 0.502 | |||||||
With offspring | −1.36 | [−3.36,0.63] | 0.181 | |||||||
With spouse and offspring | −0.69 | [−2.67,1.30] | 0.498 | |||||||
Physical activity level | ||||||||||
Light | Reference | |||||||||
Medium | −0.87 | [−2.18,0.43] | 0.189 | |||||||
High | 1.14 | [−2.56,4.85] | 0.545 | |||||||
Sleep hours | −0.22 | [−0.65,0.22] | 0.333 | |||||||
Affective commitment | 6.17 | [4.94,7.41] | <0.001 | |||||||
EQ-VAS | 0.06 | [0.02,0.10] | 0.002 | |||||||
Level 2 | Community | 40.60 | [9.83,167.74] | <0.001 | 2.30 | [0.44,11.99] | <0.001 | 0.11 | [0.00,193.70] | 0.383 |
Log-likelihood | −1824.1435 | −1569.6458 | −1522.3663 | |||||||
ICC | 0.264 | 0.054 | 0.003 |
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Jiang, F.; Wang, J.; Zhang, L.; Luo, J.; Li, L.; Wu, R. Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032684
Jiang F, Wang J, Zhang L, Luo J, Li L, Wu R. Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032684
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Feng, Jing Wang, Lufa Zhang, Jin Luo, Li Li, and Ruilong Wu. 2023. "Community Environment Co-Production and Environmental Satisfaction of Older Urban Residents in Shanghai, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2684. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032684