Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Reading
1.2. Math
1.3. Science
1.4. Physical Education
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Well-Being and Perceived Competence
2.2.2. Test-Retest Reliability
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Mean Differences across Classes on ‘How Are You Feeling at School’ (Split by Gender)
3.3. Class Differences in Test Scores across Classes in Group as Whole
3.3.1. Reading WB (Well-Being), “How Do You Like Reading?”
3.3.2. Reading PC (Perceived Competence), “How Are You Doing in Reading?”
3.3.3. Math WB, “How Do You Like Math?”
3.3.4. Science WB, “How Do You Like Science?”
3.3.5. Science PC, “How Are You Doing in Science?”
3.4. Correlations between Variables
4. Discussion
4.1. Gender Differences in Reading, Science and Physical Education
4.2. Class Differences
4.3. Limitations
4.4. Implications and Future Studies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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School. | How Are You Feeling at School? |
Reading 1. | How do you like reading? |
Reading 2. | How are you doing in reading? |
Math 1. | How do you like math? |
Math 2. | How are you doing in math? |
Science 1. | How do you like science? |
Science 2. | How are you doing in science? |
Physical Education (PE) 1. | How do you like physical education? |
Physical Education (PE) 2. | How are you doing in physical education? |
Test Score | Retest Score | ICC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | ||
School | 4.00 | 1.00 | 4.14 | 0.90 | 0.96 |
Reading 1 | 3.14 | 1.22 | 3.43 | 0.79 | 0.93 |
Reading 2 | 3.57 | 0.79 | 3.29 | 1.11 | 0.92 |
Math 1 | 3.43 | 1.13 | 3.57 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
Math 2 | 4.14 | 1.07 | 3.86 | 1.46 | 0.96 |
Science 1 | 2.43 | 0.98 | 2.29 | 0.95 | 0.96 |
Science 2 | 3.29 | 0.76 | 3.29 | 0.76 | 1.00 |
PE 1 | 3.86 | 0.69 | 3.86 | 0.90 | 0.87 |
PE 2 | 4.43 | 0.79 | 4.57 | 0.79 | 0.94 |
Group as Whole (N = 378) | Boys (n = 202) | Girls (n = 163) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | pa | |
School | 4.01 (1.01) | 3.93 (1.03) | 4.12 (0.93) | 0.075 |
Reading 1 | 3.55 (1.20) | 3.39 (1.27) | 3.77 (1.06) | 0.002 ** |
Reading 2 | 3.94 (1.02) | 3.89 (1.05) | 4.03 (0.96) | 0.180 |
Math 1 | 3.81 (1.26) | 3.81 (1.28) | 3.87 (1.18) | 0.680 |
Math 2 | 4.07 (1.00) | 4.08 (1.04) | 4.10 (1.13) | 0.825 |
Science 1 | 3.73 (1.25) | 3.68 (1.21) | 3.77 (1.31) | 0.527 |
Science 2 | 3.89 (1.08) | 3.77 (1.10) | 4.06 (1.03) | 0.011 * |
PE 1 | 4.29 (1.08) | 4.42 (1.00) | 4.15 (1.15) | 0.015 * |
PE 2 | 4.42 (0.90) | 4.50 (0.88) | 4.36 (0.91) | 0.183 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
School (1) | |||||||||
Reading 1 (2) | 0.49 ** | ||||||||
Reading 2 (3) | 0.39 ** | 0.53 ** | |||||||
Math 1 (4) | 0.48 ** | 0.53 ** | 0.42 ** | ||||||
Math 2 (5) | 0.40 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.54 ** | 0.71 ** | |||||
Science 1 (6) | 0.39 ** | 0.50 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.40 ** | 0.33 ** | ||||
Science 2 (7) | 0.36 ** | 0.43 ** | 0.52 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.46 ** | 0.66 ** | |||
PE 1 (8) | 0.31 ** | 0.30 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.26 ** | 0.27 ** | ||
PE 2 (9) | 0.30 ** | 0.19 ** | 0.33 ** | 0.31 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.18 ** | 0.28 ** | 0.66 ** |
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Sigmundsson, H.; Ingebrigtsen, J.E.; Dybendal, B.H. Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032116
Sigmundsson H, Ingebrigtsen JE, Dybendal BH. Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032116
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigmundsson, Hermundur, Jan E. Ingebrigtsen, and Benjamin H. Dybendal. 2023. "Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032116