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Article

Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions

by
Noor Anisah Abu Yazit
1,
Norsham Juliana
1,*,
Suhaini Kadiman
2,
Kamilah Muhammad Hafidz
2,
Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng
3,
Nazefah Abdul Hamid
1,
Nadia Effendy
1,
Sahar Azmani
1,
Izuddin Fahmy Abu
4,
Nur Adilah Shuhada Abd Aziz
1 and
Srijit Das
5
1
Faculty Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
2
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur 50400, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia
4
Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
5
Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021457
Submission received: 7 December 2022 / Revised: 7 January 2023 / Accepted: 10 January 2023 / Published: 13 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Cardiovascular Disease: Causality, Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment)
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Abstract

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is cognitive decline after surgery. The authors hypothesized that gene-level changes could be involved in the pathogenesis of POCD. The present study evaluated the incidence of POCD and its associated differentially expressed genes. This was a prospective cohort study conducted on high-risk coronary artery bypass graft patients aged 40 to 75 years. POCD classification was based on a one standard deviation decline in the postoperative scores compared to the preoperative scores. The differentially expressed genes were identified using microarray analysis and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. Forty-six patients were recruited and completed the study. The incidence of POCD was identified using a set of neurocognitive assessments and found to be at 17% in these high-risk CABG patients. Six samples were selected for the gene expression analyses (3 non-POCD and 3 POCD samples). The findings showed five differentially expressed genes in the POCD group compared to the non-POCD group. The upregulated gene was ERFE, whereas the downregulated genes were KIR2DS2, KIR2DS3, KIR3DL2, and LIM2. According to the results, the gene expression profiles of POCD can be used to find potential proteins for POCD diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. Understanding the molecular mechanism of POCD development will further lead to early detection and intervention to reduce the severity of POCD, and hence, reduce the mortality and morbidity rate due to the condition.
Keywords: cognitive decline; microarray; differentially expressed genes; CABG cognitive decline; microarray; differentially expressed genes; CABG

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yazit, N.A.A.; Juliana, N.; Kadiman, S.; Hafidz, K.M.; Mohd Fahmi Teng, N.I.; Abdul Hamid, N.; Effendy, N.; Azmani, S.; Abu, I.F.; Aziz, N.A.S.A.; et al. Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021457

AMA Style

Yazit NAA, Juliana N, Kadiman S, Hafidz KM, Mohd Fahmi Teng NI, Abdul Hamid N, Effendy N, Azmani S, Abu IF, Aziz NASA, et al. Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021457

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu, Norsham Juliana, Suhaini Kadiman, Kamilah Muhammad Hafidz, Nur Islami Mohd Fahmi Teng, Nazefah Abdul Hamid, Nadia Effendy, Sahar Azmani, Izuddin Fahmy Abu, Nur Adilah Shuhada Abd Aziz, and et al. 2023. "Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021457

APA Style

Yazit, N. A. A., Juliana, N., Kadiman, S., Hafidz, K. M., Mohd Fahmi Teng, N. I., Abdul Hamid, N., Effendy, N., Azmani, S., Abu, I. F., Aziz, N. A. S. A., & Das, S. (2023). Microarray Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts of High-Risk Patients with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunctions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021457

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