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IJERPH
Volume 20
Issue 16
10.3390/ijerph20166552
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Background:
Communication

Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies

by
Kjell Hansson Mild
1,
Mats-Olof Mattsson
2,3,*,
Peter Jeschke
4,†,
Michel Israel
5,
Mihaela Ivanova
5 and
Tsvetelina Shalamanova
5
1
Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
2
SciProof International AB, 83158 Östersund, Sweden
3
Institute of Advanced Studies, Strömstad Academy, 45280 Strömstad, Sweden
4
Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 44194 Dortmund, Germany
5
National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Vodafone GmbH, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(16), 6552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166552
Submission received: 16 May 2023 / Revised: 21 July 2023 / Accepted: 29 July 2023 / Published: 9 August 2023
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Abstract

The designs of in vivo, in vitro and in silico studies do not adequately reflect the characteristics of long-term occupational EMF exposure; the higher exposure levels permitted for employees are nevertheless extrapolated on this basis. Epidemiological studies consider occupational exposure only in a very general way, if at all. There is a lack of detailed descriptive data on long-term occupational exposure over the duration of the working life. Most studies reflect exposure characteristics of the general population, exposures which are long-term, but at a comparably low level. Occupational exposure is often intermittent with high peak power followed by periods with no exposure. Furthermore, the EU EMF-Directive 2013/35/EU states a demand for occupational health surveillance, the outcome of which would be of great help to epidemiologists studying the health effects of EMF exposure. This paper thus aims to outline and specify differences between public and occupational exposure and to increase the understanding of specific aspects of occupational exposure which are important for long-term health considerations. This could lead to a future protection concept against possible hazards based on adequate descriptions of long-term exposures and also include supplementary descriptive features such as a “reset time” of biological systems and accurate dose quantities.
Keywords: electromagnetic field; biological effects; health surveillance; workers; general population electromagnetic field; biological effects; health surveillance; workers; general population

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hansson Mild, K.; Mattsson, M.-O.; Jeschke, P.; Israel, M.; Ivanova, M.; Shalamanova, T. Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166552

AMA Style

Hansson Mild K, Mattsson M-O, Jeschke P, Israel M, Ivanova M, Shalamanova T. Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(16):6552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166552

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hansson Mild, Kjell, Mats-Olof Mattsson, Peter Jeschke, Michel Israel, Mihaela Ivanova, and Tsvetelina Shalamanova. 2023. "Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 16: 6552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166552

APA Style

Hansson Mild, K., Mattsson, M.-O., Jeschke, P., Israel, M., Ivanova, M., & Shalamanova, T. (2023). Occupational Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields—Different from General Public Exposure and Laboratory Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16), 6552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166552

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