Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Procedures
2.2. Participants
2.3. Anthropometric Measurements
2.4. Physical Activity
2.5. Selected Socioeconomic Indicators
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Age (Years) | Sex | Total Sample (n = 522) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (n = 261) | 6 (n = 261) | pa | Boys (n = 251) | Girls (n = 271) | pb | ||
Body height (cm) † | 116.4 ± 6.1 | 116.2 ± 5.8 | 0.761 | 116.8 ± 6.0 | 115.8 ± 5.9 | 0.067 | 116.3 ± 6.0 |
Weight (kg) † | 21.8 ± 3.6 | 21.2 ± 3.6 | 0.859 | 21.3 ± 3.6 | 21.0 ± 3.6 | 0.448 | 21.2 ± 3.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) † | 15.5 ± 1.4 | 15.6 ± 1.7 | 0.488 | 15.5 ± 1.7 | 15.6 ± 1.6 | 0.570 | 15.6 ± 1.6 |
Body mass classification (according to BMI percentiles) * | |||||||
Underweight | 22 (8.4) | 23 (8.8) | 0.809 | 18 (7.2) | 27 (10.0) | 0.401 | 45 (8.) |
Normal | 215 (82.4) | 210 (80.5) | 211 (84.1) | 214 (79.0) | 425 (81.4) | ||
Overweight | 17 (6.5) | 17 (6.5) | 13 (5.2) | 21 (7.7) | 34 (6.5) | ||
Obesity | 7 (2.7) | 11 (4.2) | 9 (3.6) | 9 (3.3) | 18 (3.4) | ||
Place of residence * | |||||||
Urban | 244 (93.5) | 252 (96.6) | 0.108 | 243 (96.8) | 253 (93.4) | 0.074 | 496 (95.0) |
Rural | 17 (6.5) | 9 (3.4) | 8 (3.2) | 18 (6.6) | 26 (5.0) | ||
Mother’s education * | |||||||
Middle school or lower | 50 (19.2) | 70 (26.8) | 0.037 | 60 (23.9) | 60 (22.1) | 0.632 | 120 (23.0) |
High school/University | 211 (80.8) | 191 (73.2) | 191 (76.1) | 211 (77.9) | 402 (77.0) | ||
Father’s education * | |||||||
Middle school or lower | 108 (41.4) | 119 (45.6) | 0.331 | 110 (43.8) | 117 (43.2) | 0.881 | 227 (43.5) |
High school/University | 153 (58.6) | 142 (54.4) | 141 (56.2) | 154 (56.8) | 295 (56.5) | ||
Number of people in household * | |||||||
2 | 4 (1.5) | 18 (6.9) | 0.021 | 8 3(3.2) | 14 (5.2) | 0.662 | 22 (4.2) |
3 | 64 (24.5) | 72 (27.6) | 67 (26.7) | 69 (25.5) | 136 (26.1) | ||
4 | 142 (54.5) | 116 (44.4) | 129 (51.4) | 129 (47.6) | 258 (49.4) | ||
5 | 35 (13.4) | 42 (16.1) | 35 (13.9) | 42 (15.5) | 77 (14.8) | ||
More | 16 (6.1) | 13 (5.0) | 12 (4.8) | 17 (6.3) | 29 (5.6) | ||
Household income * | |||||||
High | 241 (92.3) | 241 (92.3) | 1.00 | 230 (91.6) | 252 (93.0) | 0.561 | 482 (92.3) |
Middle or low | 20 (7.7) | 20 (7.7) | 21 (8.4) | 19 (7.0) | 40 (7.7) | ||
Parental obesity * | |||||||
None | 224 (85.8) | 223 (85.4) | 0.126 | 210 (83.7) | 237 (87.5) | 0.117 | 447 (85.6) |
Father | 11 (4.2) | 19 (7.3) | 13 (5.2) | 17 (6.2) | 30 (5.7) | ||
Mother | 13 (5.0) | 14 (5.4) | 19 (7.6) | 8 (3.0) | 27 (5.2) | ||
Both parents | 13 (5.0) | 5 (1.9) | 9 (3.6) | 9 (3.3) | 18 (3.4) |
Total (n = 522) | Girls (n = 271) | Boys (n = 251) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average Physical Activity (min/Day) | Mean ± SD | p | η2 | p | η2 | Mean ± SD | p | η2 | ||
Light | weekday | 464.0 ± 710 456 ± 97.8 37.9 ± 17.2 35.5 ± 20.5 8.3 ± 6 7.9 ± 8.7 46.2 ± 21.6 43.4 ± 26.3 8873.4 ± 2183.8 8596.0 ± 3016.2 | 0.241 | 0.002 | 455.5 ± 72.5 451.6 ± 92.6 34 ± 15.3 31.2 ± 16.4 8.4 ± 6.2 7.3 ± 8 42.4 ± 20.1 38.5 ± 21.9 8634.9 ± 2182.3 8286.9 ± 2639.4 | 0.676 | 0.001 | 473.3 ± 68.3 460.8 ± 103.2 42 ± 18.1 40.1 ± 23.3 8.2 ± 5.7 8.5 ± 9.4 50.3 ± 22.5 48.6 ± 29.5 9130.7 ± 2160.3 8929.6 ± 3349.5 | 0.239 | 0.005 |
weekend | ||||||||||
Moderate | weekday | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.008 | 0.050 | 0.002 | |||
weekend | ||||||||||
Vigorous | weekday | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.150 | 0.001 | |||
weekend | ||||||||||
Total MVPA | weekday | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.127 | 0.001 | |||
weekend | ||||||||||
Steps/day | weekday | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.148 | 0.001 | |||
weekend |
Variables | Age (Years) | Sex | Total Sample (n = 522) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 (n = 261) | 6 (n = 261) | pa | Boys (n = 251) | Girls (n = 271) | pb | ||
Weekdays | |||||||
Average physical activity on weekday (min/day) † | |||||||
Light | 463.9 ± 621.1 | 464.7 ± 78.4 | 0.908 | 473.1 ± 68.5 | 456.1 ± 71.7 | 0.006 | 464.3 ± 70.6 |
Moderate | 37.0 ± 16.4 | 38.6 ± 17.8 | 0.290 | 41.9 ± 18.0 | 34.1 ± 15.3 | 0.001 | 37.8 ± 17.1 |
Vigorous | 8.0 ± 5.7 | 8.5 ± 6.3 | 0.391 | 8.2 ± 5.7 | 8.3 ± 6.3 | 0.720 | 8.3 ± 6.04 |
MVPA | 45.1 ± 20.6 | 47.1 ± 22.4 | 0.279 | 50.1 ± 22.4 | 42.4 ± 20.1 | 0.001 | 46.1 ± 21.5 |
Steps/day | 8905.4 ± 2071.9 | 8834.5 ± 2276.4 | 0.710 | 9109.9 ± 2151.9 | 8647.6 ± 2175.4 | 0.001 | 8869.9 ± 2174.4 |
Meeting criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/day) on weekday * | |||||||
Yes | 63 (24.1) | 70 (26.8) | 0.482 | 81 (32.3) | 52 (19.2) | 0.001 | 133 (25.5) |
No | 198 (75.9) | 191 (73.2) | 170 (67.7) | 219 (80.8) | 389 (74.5) | ||
Meeting criteria of steps (≥12000) on weekday * | |||||||
Yes | 22 (8.4) | 22 (8.4) | 0.999 | 26 (10.4) | 18 (6.6) | 0.127 | 44 (8.4) |
No | 239 (91.6) | 239 (91.6) | 225 (89.6) | 253 (93.4) | 478 (91.6) | ||
Weekend | |||||||
Average physical activity on weekend (min/day) † | |||||||
Light | 459.8 ± 871.6 | 452.6 ± 106.9 | 0.399 | 460.9 ± 103.4 | 451.9± 92 | 0.292 | 456.2 ± 97.7 |
Moderate | 34.4 ± 18.2 | 36.5 ± 22.6 | 0.256 | 40.0 ± 23.4 | 31.2 ± 16.4 | 0.001 | 35.4 ± 20.5 |
Vigorous | 7.7 ± 8.4 | 8.1 ± 9.1 | 0.565 | 8.5 ± 9.4 | 7.3± 8 | 0.103 | 7.9 ± 8.7 |
MVPA | 42.1 ± 23.7 | 44.6 ± 28.7 | 0.282 | 48.6 ± 29.6 | 38.6 ± 21.9 | 0.001 | 43.3 ± 26.4 |
Steps/day | 8731.0 ± 2781.4 | 8443.8 ± 3235.4 | 0.277 | 8907.6 ± 3352.3 | 8290.8 ± 2642.2 | 0.020 | 8587.4 ± 3017.5 |
Meeting criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/day) on weekend * | |||||||
Yes | 59 (22.60) | 68 (26.10) | 0.359 | 78 (31.1) | 49 (18.1) | 0.001 | 127 (24.3) |
No | 202 (77.40) | 193 (73.90) | 173 (68.9) | 222 (81.9) | 395 (75.7) | ||
Meeting criteria of steps (≥12000) on weekend * | |||||||
Yes | 29 (11.1) | 28 (10.7%) | 0.888 | 39 (15.5) | 18 (6.6) | 0.001 | 57 (10.9) |
No | 232 (88.8) | 233 (89.) | 212 (84.5) | 253 (93.4) | 465 (89.1) | ||
Total (weekday and weekends) | |||||||
Average physical activity in total (min/day) † | |||||||
Light | 3314.2 ± 553.7 | 3268.2 ± 457.3 | 0.302 | 3279.4 ± 474 | 3302.2 ± 537.9 | 0.608 0.022 0.026 0.014 0.039 | 3291.2 ± 507.8 |
Moderate | 256.4 ± 117.3 | 269.4 ± 113.4 | 0.198 | 275.0 ± 116.2 | 251.8 ± 113.8 | 262.9 ± 115.4 | |
Vigorous | 52.6 ± 36.5 | 63.0 ± 45.1 | 0.004 | 62.0 ± 41.7 | 53.9 ± 40.7 | 57.8 ± 41.3 | |
MVPA | 309.1 ± 143.8 | 332.4 ± 145.7 | 0.067 | 337.0 ± 146.1 | 305.8 ± 142.8 | 320.8 ± 145.1 | |
Steps/day | 60258.4 ± 14739 | 64596.8 ± 1482.8 | 0.001 | 63829.3 ± 14856.1 | 61129.3 ± 14904.5 | 62427.6 ± 14928.1 | |
Meeting criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/day) in total * | |||||||
Yes | 37 (14.2) | 62 (23.8) | 0.005 | 59 (23.5) | 40 (14.8) | 0.011 | 99 (19.0) |
No | 224 (85.8) | 199 (76.2) | 192 (76.5) | 231 (85.2) | 423 (81.0) | ||
Meeting criteria of steps (≥12000) in total * | |||||||
Yes | 5 (1.9) | 21 (8.0) | 0.001 | 15 (6.0) | 11 (4.1) | 0.314 | 26 (5.0) |
No | 256 (98.1) | 240 (92.0) | 236 (94.0) | 260 (95.9) | 496 (95.0) |
Total (n = 522) | Girls (n = 271) | Boys (n = 251) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Weekday) Meeting Criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/Day) | Total | (Weekday) Meeting Criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/Day) | Total | (Weekday) Meeting Criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/Day) | Total | ||||||
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||
(weekend) Meeting criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/day) | No | n | 330 | 65 | 395 | 194 | 28 | 222 | 136 | 37 | 173 |
% | 85.4 | 48.5 | 75.9 | 88.6 | 54.7 | 82.1 | 81.2 | 44.6 | 69.2 | ||
Yes | n | 57 | 70 | 127 | 26 | 22 | 48 | 31 | 48 | 79 | |
% | 14.6 | 51.5 | 24.1 | 11.4 | 45.3 | 17.9 | 18.8 | 55.4 | 30.8 | ||
p | 0.470 | 0.683 | 0.630 | ||||||||
(weekday) Meeting criteria of steps (≥12,000) | Total | (weekday) Meeting criteria of steps (≥12,000) | Total | (weekday) Meeting criteria of steps (≥12,000) | Total | ||||||
No | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | ||||||
(weekend) Meeting criteria of steps (≥12,000) | No | n | 441 | 25 | 466 | 244 | 10 | 254 | 197 | 15 | 212 |
% | 92.1 | 55.6 | 89.0 | 96.1 | 55.6 | 93.4 | 87.6 | 55.6 | 84.2 | ||
Yes | n | 36 | 20 | 56 | 9 | 8 | 17 | 27 | 12 | 39 | |
% | 7.9 | 44.4 | 11.0 | 3.9 | 44.4 | 6.6 | 12.4 | 44.4 | 15.8 | ||
p | 0.129 | 1.000 | 0.066 |
Variables | Meeting Criteria of MVPA (≥60 min/Day) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 99) n (%) | No (n = 423) n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | p | |
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 95 (19.2) | 401 (80.8) | REF | REF | ||
Rural | 4 (15.4) | 22 (84.6) | 0.76 (0.25–2.28) | 0.634 | 0.85 a (0.28–2.55) | 0.774 |
Mother’s education | ||||||
High school/University | 72 (17.9) | 330 (82.1) | REF | REF | ||
Middle school or lower | 27 (22.5) | 93 (77.5) | 1.33 (0.81–2.19) | 0.261 | 1.32 a (0.80–2.17) | 0.283 |
Father’s education | ||||||
High school/University | 49 (16.6) | 246 (83.4) | REF | REF | ||
Middle school or lower | 50 (22.0) | 177 (78.0) | 1.42 (0.914–2.201) | 0.119 | 1.42 a (0.91–2.21) | 0.125 |
Number of people in household | ||||||
2 | 8 (36.4) | 14 (63.6) | 2.67 (1.00–7.06) | 0.048 | 2.94 (1.10–7.90) | 0.032 |
3 | 24 (17.6) | 112 (82.4) | REF | REF | ||
4 | 45 (17.4) | 213 (82.6) | 0.99 (0.57–1.70) | 0.950 | 0.98 (0.57–1.70) | 0.946 |
5 | 16 (20.8) | 61 (79.2) | 1.22 (0.60–2.48) | 0.574 0.700 | 1.26 (0.62–2.56) 1.28 (0.47–3.52) | 0.528 |
more | 6 (20.7) | 23 (79.3) | 1.21 (0.45–3.31) | 0.629 | ||
Household income | ||||||
High | 94 (19.5) | 388 (80.5) | REF | REF | ||
Middle or low | 5 (12.5) | 35 (87.5) | 0.59 (0.22–1.54) | 0.283 | 0.57 a (0.22–1.50) | 0.265 |
Parental obesity | ||||||
None | 87 (19.5) | 360 (80.5) | REF | REF | ||
Father | 4 (13.3) | 26 (86.7) | 0.64 (0.217–1.87) | 0.412 | 0.65 (0.22–1.91) | 0.265 |
Mother | 5 (18.5) | 22 (81.5) | 0.94 (0.34–2.55) | 0.904 | 0.82 (0.30–2.26) | 0.715 |
Both parents | 3 (16.7) | 15 (83.3) | 0.83 (0.23–2.92) | 0.769 | 0.81 (0.23–2.87) | 0.755 |
Variables | Meeting Criteria of Steps (≥12,000) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 26) n (%) | No (n = 496) n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | p | |
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 26 (5.2) | 470 (94.8) | REF | REF | ||
Rural | 0 (0.0) | 26 (100.0) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.998 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.998 |
Mother’s education | ||||||
High school/University | 16 (4.0) | 388 (96.0) | REF | REF | ||
Middle school or lower | 10 (8.3) | 110 (91.7) | 2.19 (0.97–4.97) | 0.060 | 2.18 (0.96–4.93) | 0.063 |
Father’s education | ||||||
High school/University | 12 (4.1) | 283 (95.9) | REF | REF | ||
Middle school or lower | 14 (6.2) | 213 (93.8) | 1.55 (0.70–3.42) | 0.285 | 1.55 (0.70–3.42) | 0.280 |
Number of people in household | ||||||
2 | 3 (13.6) | 19 (86.4) | 5.21 (1.08–25.10) | 0.040 | 5.56 (1.14–26.99) | 0.033 |
3 | 4 (2.9) | 132 (97.1) | REF | REF | ||
4 | 14 (5.4) | 244 (94.6) | 1.89 (0.61–5.87) | 0.269 | 1.89 (0.61–5.86) | 0.271 |
5 | 4 (5.2) | 73 (94.8) | 1.81 (0.44–7.44) | 0.412 | 1.84 (0.45–7.59) | 0.398 |
more | 1 (3.4) | 28 (96.6) | 1.18 (0.13–10.95) | 0.885 | 1.22 (0.13–11.38) | 0.860 |
Household income | ||||||
High | 26 (5.4) | 456 (94.6) | REF | REF | ||
Middle or low | 0 (0) | 40 (100.0) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.998 | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.998 |
Parental obesity | ||||||
None | 23 (5.1) | 424 (94.9) | REF | REF | ||
Father | 1 (3.3) | 29 (96.7) | 0.64 (0.08–4.87) | 0.664 | 0.64 (0.08–4.95) | 0.673 |
Mother | 1 (3.7) | 26 (96.3) | 0.71 (0.09–5.46) | 0.741 | 0.64 (0.08–5.00) | 0.675 |
Both parents | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | 1.08 (0.14–8.51) | 0.941 | 1.07 (0.14–8.42) | 0.948 |
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Herbert, J.; Matłosz, P.; Martínez-Rodríguez, A.; Przednowek, K.; Asif, M.; Wyszyńska, J. Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094999
Herbert J, Matłosz P, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Przednowek K, Asif M, Wyszyńska J. Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(9):4999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094999
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerbert, Jarosław, Piotr Matłosz, Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez, Krzysztof Przednowek, Muhammad Asif, and Justyna Wyszyńska. 2022. "Weekday and Weekend Physical Activity of Preschool Children in Relation to Selected Socioeconomic Indicators" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9: 4999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094999