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Volume 19
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Article

Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study

by
Ylse van Dijk
1,*,
Sarah I. M. Janus
1,
Michiel R. de Boer
1,
Wilco P. Achterberg
2,
Corne A. M. Roelen
3 and
Sytse U. Zuidema
1
1
Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
2
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
3
Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4379; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074379
Submission received: 28 February 2022 / Revised: 26 March 2022 / Accepted: 2 April 2022 / Published: 6 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responding to COVID-19 from Local, Regional and Global Perspectives: Challenges and Solutions)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

COVID-19 posed enormous challenges for nursing home staff, which may have caused stress and mental health problems. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of mental health problems among nursing home staff and investigate the differences in job demands, work functioning and mental health between staff with and without COVID contact or COVID infection and across different levels of COVID worries. In this cross-sectional study, 1669 employees from 10 nursing home organizations filled in an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. The questionnaire measured the participants’ characteristics, COVID contact, infection and worries, job demands, work functioning, depressive symptoms and burnout. Differences were investigated with multilevel models to account for clustering at the organization level. Of the participants, 19.1% had high levels of depressive symptoms and 22.2% burnout. Job demands, work functioning, depressive symptoms and burnout differed between participants who never worried and participants who often or always worried about the COVID crisis. Differences were smaller for participants with and without COVID contact or infection. Most models improved when clustering was accounted for. Nursing homes should be aware of the impact of COVID worries on job demands, work functioning and mental health, both at the individual and organizational level.
Keywords: COVID-19; nursing homes; job demands; work functioning; depressive symptoms; burnout COVID-19; nursing homes; job demands; work functioning; depressive symptoms; burnout

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

van Dijk, Y.; Janus, S.I.M.; de Boer, M.R.; Achterberg, W.P.; Roelen, C.A.M.; Zuidema, S.U. Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074379

AMA Style

van Dijk Y, Janus SIM, de Boer MR, Achterberg WP, Roelen CAM, Zuidema SU. Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(7):4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074379

Chicago/Turabian Style

van Dijk, Ylse, Sarah I. M. Janus, Michiel R. de Boer, Wilco P. Achterberg, Corne A. M. Roelen, and Sytse U. Zuidema. 2022. "Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7: 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074379

APA Style

van Dijk, Y., Janus, S. I. M., de Boer, M. R., Achterberg, W. P., Roelen, C. A. M., & Zuidema, S. U. (2022). Job Demands, Work Functioning and Mental Health in Dutch Nursing Home Staff during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional Multilevel Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074379

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