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Article

The Potential to Address Disease Vectors in Favelas in Brazil Using Sustainable Drainage Systems: Zika, Drainage and Greywater Management

by
Susanne M. Charlesworth
1,*,
Debora C. Kligerman
2,
Matthew Blackett
3 and
Frank Warwick
3
1
Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK
2
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental (DSSA) (ENSP), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
3
School of Energy, Construction and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2860; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052860
Submission received: 22 January 2022 / Revised: 25 February 2022 / Accepted: 27 February 2022 / Published: 1 March 2022
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Abstract

Residents of informal settlements, the world over, suffer consequences due to the lack of drainage and greywater management, impacting human and environmental health. In Brazil, the presence of the Aedes aegypti mosquito in urban areas promotes infections of the Zika virus as well as companion viruses, such as dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. By using observation and interviews with the community, this paper shows how a simple sustainable drainage system approach could prevent the accumulation of on-street standing water, and thus reduce opportunities for the mosquito to breed and reduce infection rates. During the interview phase, it became apparent that underlying misinformation and misunderstandings prevail related to existing environmental conditions in favelas and the role of the mosquito in infecting residents. This inhibits recommendations made by professionals to reduce breeding opportunities for the disease vector. Whilst unrest is an issue in favelas, it is not the only issue preventing the human right to reliable, safe sanitation, including drainage. In “pacified” favelas which may be considered safe(r), the infrastructure is still poor and is not connected to the city-wide sanitation/treatment networks.
Keywords: favela; Zika; greywater; sustainable drainage systems (SuDS); Brazil favela; Zika; greywater; sustainable drainage systems (SuDS); Brazil

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MDPI and ACS Style

Charlesworth, S.M.; Kligerman, D.C.; Blackett, M.; Warwick, F. The Potential to Address Disease Vectors in Favelas in Brazil Using Sustainable Drainage Systems: Zika, Drainage and Greywater Management. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052860

AMA Style

Charlesworth SM, Kligerman DC, Blackett M, Warwick F. The Potential to Address Disease Vectors in Favelas in Brazil Using Sustainable Drainage Systems: Zika, Drainage and Greywater Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052860

Chicago/Turabian Style

Charlesworth, Susanne M., Debora C. Kligerman, Matthew Blackett, and Frank Warwick. 2022. "The Potential to Address Disease Vectors in Favelas in Brazil Using Sustainable Drainage Systems: Zika, Drainage and Greywater Management" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052860

APA Style

Charlesworth, S. M., Kligerman, D. C., Blackett, M., & Warwick, F. (2022). The Potential to Address Disease Vectors in Favelas in Brazil Using Sustainable Drainage Systems: Zika, Drainage and Greywater Management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2860. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052860

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