Parental Autonomy Support and Pathological Internet Use among Chinese Undergraduate Students: Gratitude Moderated the Mediating Effect of Filial Piety
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Parental Autonomy Support and Pathological Internet Use
1.2. Filial Piety as a Mediator
1.3. Gratitude as a Moderator
1.4. The Present Study
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Parental Autonomy Support
2.2.2. Filial Piety
2.2.3. Gratitude
2.2.4. Pathological Internet Use
2.2.5. Data Analysis Plan
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analyses
3.2. Test for Mediation
3.3. Test for Moderated Mediation
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | M | SD | Range | Skewness | Kurtosis | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. PAS | 3.49 | 0.85 | 1–5 | −0.79 | −0.23 | - | |||||
2. FP | 3.45 | 0.85 | 1–5 | −0.45 | −0.37 | 0.75 ** | - | ||||
3. Gratitude | 3.62 | 0.99 | 0–6 | −0.19 | −0.61 | 0.59 ** | 0.60 ** | - | |||
4. PIU | 2.74 | 0.76 | 1–5 | 0.42 | −0.55 | −0.68 ** | −0.66 ** | 0.26 *** | - | ||
5. Age | 20.35 | 1.00 | 16–24 | - | - | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 | - | |
6. Gender a | - | - | 1–2 | - | - | −0.10 ** | −0.15 ** | −0.14 ** | 0.04 | 0.01 | - |
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PIU | FP | PIU | ||||
Predictor | b | t | b | t | b | t |
Gender a | −0.06 | −1.34 | −0.15 | −3.43 *** | −0.12 | −2.55 * |
Age | 0.06 | 2.63 ** | −0.01 | −0.30 | 0.06 | 2.68 ** |
PAS | −0.69 | −30.41 *** | 0.74 | 36.32 *** | −0.43 | −13.24 *** |
FP | −0.35 | −10.87 *** | ||||
R2 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.52 | |||
F | 310.75 *** | 457.24 *** | 288.60 *** |
Outcome | Predictor | R | R2 | F | b | t | LLCI | ULCI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FP | Age | 0.78 | 0.61 | 329.09 *** | −0.01 | −0.39 | −0.05 | 0.03 |
Gender a | −0.10 | −2.42 * | −0.18 | −0.02 | ||||
PAS | 0.56 | 21.63 *** | 0.51 | 0.61 | ||||
Gratitude | 0.24 | 10.02 *** | 0.19 | 0.29 | ||||
PAS × Gratitude | −0.08 | −3.90 *** | −0.12 | −0.04 | ||||
PIU | Age | 0.74 | 0.54 | 206.56 *** | 0.05 | 2.37 * | 0.01 | 0.09 |
Gender a | −0.12 | −2.69 ** | −0.21 | −0.03 | ||||
PAS | −0.39 | −11.50 *** | −0.46 | −0.32 | ||||
FP | −0.35 | −10.38 *** | −0.41 | −0.28 | ||||
Gratitude | 0.06 | 2.17 * | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||||
PAS × Gratitude | 0.14 | 6.09 *** | 0.09 | 0.18 |
Gratitude | Conditional Direct (Indirect) Effect | SE (BootSE) | LLCI (BootLLCI) | ULCI (BootULCI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
M-SD | −0.53 | 0.04 | −0.60 | −0.46 |
(−0.22) | (0.03) | (−0.28) | (−0.17) | |
M | −0.39 | 0.03 | −0.46 | −0.32 |
(−0.20) | (0.03) | (−0.25) | (−0.14) | |
M+SD | −0.25 | 0.05 | −0.34 | −0.16 |
(−0.17) | (0.03) | (−0.22) | −0.12) |
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Ma, C.; Ma, Y.; Lan, X. Parental Autonomy Support and Pathological Internet Use among Chinese Undergraduate Students: Gratitude Moderated the Mediating Effect of Filial Piety. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052644
Ma C, Ma Y, Lan X. Parental Autonomy Support and Pathological Internet Use among Chinese Undergraduate Students: Gratitude Moderated the Mediating Effect of Filial Piety. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052644
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Chunhua, Yongfeng Ma, and Xiaoyu Lan. 2022. "Parental Autonomy Support and Pathological Internet Use among Chinese Undergraduate Students: Gratitude Moderated the Mediating Effect of Filial Piety" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5: 2644. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052644