Influence of Dance Programmes on Gait Parameters and Physical Parameters of the Lower Body in Older People: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Information Sources and Search Strategy
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Study Selection
2.4. List of Acronyms Used
2.5. Data Extraction
2.6. Characteristics of the Sample of Studies Considered
- Year of publication: two studies belong to 2021, another two studies from 2019, another two from 2018, one from 2017, one from 2015 and another one from 2012. Therefore, seven have been published in the last five years;
- Language: all articles are in English;
- Country: two studies have taken place in Thailand, one in China, one in Denmark, one in Italy, one in the USA, one in Brazil, one in Portugal and another one in Switzerland. A broad geographic dispersion encompassing different cultures can be observed;
- Dance style applied in the programmes: four articles used traditional dance (Sriachiangmai, chain dance from the Faroe Islands, Thai dance and traditional Brazilian dances “el Forró” and “Sertanejo”), one adapted tap dance, one combined ballroom dancing, line dancing and grabbing dances from the beginning of the 19th century, one focused on line dancing, one on creative dance and one on salsa (Latin rhythms).
2.7. Characteristics of the Sample
- Age range: ranged between 60 and 93 years, with the range from 60–75 being the most frequent age, with the participation of older adults over 80 years of age lower;
- Gender: six of the nine studies included people of both sexes as participants, while in three of them only women. There was a higher percentage of participation of women than men in all studies;
- Health of the subjects (inclusion criteria in each studies considered): one subject free of limitations for participation in exercise and who had not had any falls in the last year; one subject without dementia with the ability to maintain activity for 30 min; one able to walk without walkers or canes without the presence of uncontrolled cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, severe osteoarthritis or significant musculoskeletal pain in the lower extremities or back in the past six months; one retiree, living independently, without medical conditions (acute or chronic illness or motor deficit); one with the ability to understand instructions with no use of ambulatory assistive devices, no neurological disorders, no use of portable oxygen and no internal cardiac defibrillator or myocardial infarction in the previous six months; one subject independent in all daily activities with no recent history of bone fracture or surgery; one subject partially or self-sufficient in daily living tasks without the use of an assistive device, without cognitive impairment, with the absence of cardiovascular, neuromuscular or neurological disorders and does not take medications that may affect the programme; one subject with no history of musculoskeletal, neurological, or orthopedic disorders, able to walk independently without an assistive device and without prior experience.;
- Level of physical activity: in seven articles, the subjects were independent in the routines of daily life and were not enroled in any sporting activity or participants in physical activity, one was a sedentary subject, one was physically active.
2.8. Parameters Evaluated
2.9. Publication Bias
2.10. Risk of Bias Assessment and Methodological Quality
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Muscular Force
3.3. Parameters Linked to the Gait
3.4. Balance
3.5. Other Outcomes Related to Mobility: Flexibility and Agility
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Acronyms |
---|---|
Five Time Sit to Stand Test | (FTSST) |
bioelectric impedance analysis | (BIA) |
Functional Reach Test | (FRT) |
Timed Up and Go Test | (TUG) |
Timed Up and Go Dual Task | (TUGM) |
6-minute walk test | (6MWT) |
Tinetti Test Score | (TT) |
Berg Balance Scale | (BBS) |
Fullerton Advanced Balance | (FAB) |
Short Physical Performance Battery | (SPPB) |
Step-Quick-Time | (SQT) |
Step Up Over | (SO) |
Walk Across | (WA) |
Sit to Stand | (SS) |
Four Square Step | (FSS) |
6-Item Lubben Social Media Scale | (LSNS-650) |
Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale | (RPE) |
Fried Preclinical Disability Screening | (PCD) |
Senior Fitness Test | (SFT) |
satisfaction with life scale | (SWLS) |
clock drawing test | (Test-CDT) |
Mini-Mental State Examination | (MMSE) |
Range Of Motion | (ROM) |
Center of Pressure | (COP) |
Randomized clinical trial | (RCT) |
Experimental group | (EG) |
Control Group | (CG) |
Study (Number) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors (Year of Publications) | Wang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2021) | Buransri, M., & Phanpheng, Y. (2021) | Hofgaard, J., et al. (2019) | Noopud, P., et al. (2019) | Brustio, P. R., et al. (2018) | Bennett, C. G., & Hackney, M. E. (2017) | Rodacki, A. L. F. et al. (2017) | Cruz-Ferreira, A. et al. (2015) | Granacher, U., et al. (2012) | |
FORCE PARAMETERS | ||||||||||
Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of ankle joint | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Flexion and extension of knee joint | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Superior limbs | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Lower limbs | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 4 | |||||
WALKING/GAIT | ||||||||||
Velocity of the gait | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 6 | |||
Walking capacity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | ||||
Length of the stride | ✓ | ✓ | 2 | |||||||
BALANCE | ||||||||||
Static balance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3 | ||||||
Dynamic balance | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | ||||
Control postural | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3 | ||||||
Daily/functional homeworks | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 3 | ||||||
Weight balancing | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
COP | ✓ | 1 |
Study (Number) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OTHER ASPECTS OF MOBILITY | ||||||||||
Range of Movement (ROM) | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Flexion and extension of knee joint | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Agility | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 5 | ||||
Physiological parameters | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 6 | |||
PSYCHOSOCIAL PARAMETERS | ||||||||||
Quality of life | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Social commitment | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Satisfaction life | ✓ | 1 | ||||||||
Adherence | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | 6 |
Study (Number) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Eligibility Criteria | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
2. Random Allocation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
3. Concealed Allocation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
4. Group similiar at baseline | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
5. Blinded subjects | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
6. Blinded theparist | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
7. Blinded assesors | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
8. Less than 15% dropouts | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
9. Intention-to-treat analysis | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
10. Between-group comparisons | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
11. Point measure and variability | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
PEDro Score | 11 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 8 |
Authors | Sample | Setting | Intervention Characteristics/Outcomes | Finding |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | Length of Intervention | |||
1. Wang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021;18(12)) | n = 44 (9 m, 35 w); EG (22) and CG (22); Mean = 64.1 years | (RCT) 6 weeks 3/week 60–90 min/session 10’ min of warm-up | Parameters: Force, FSST, ROM of Ankle joint and force of plantar flexor muscles | Improvements in FSST, and ROM of experimental group to Control group (both feets). Improvements in large trainnings. Group better results in COP and total walking distance. |
Adherence: 88.3% | Inconsistent results in the postural control of the experimental group | |||
2. Buransri, M., & Phanpheng, Y. (Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons Journal 2021; 11(2):215–222) | n = 90; EG (45) and CG (45); Mean = 60–75 years | (RCT) 12 weeks 3/week 45 min/session 5’ min of warm-up streching: 15’ Intensity: 60–75% FCmáx. | Health parameters: blood pressure, FC, weigh, IMC and Body composition (BIA). Equilibrium, movility and FRT (TUG), Walking capacity (6MWT), Force of lower limbs (SS) an Force ol upper limbs | EG and CG improved data from physiological parameters. Significant improves of Equilibrium and mobility. Gait velocity improved past intervervention. |
The intervention improved strength, lower body endurance, and core stability, being the balance and effectiveness of sensitive muscle structures and control of body movement, a primary ability to perform everyday tasks with confidence in advanced ages. | ||||
3. Hofgaard, J., et al. (Hofgaard, J.; Ermidis, G.; Mohr, M. Biomed Res. Int. 2019, 9) | n = 25 (9 m,16 w); EG (15) and CG (10); Mean ± SD = 75 ± 5 years | (RCT) 6 weeks 2/week Session 1–6 of 30 min/session. The rest session 45 min/session | 1 week between measurements. Health parameters: BP, resting HR, muscle mass and body fat content. Postural balance: BBS and FAB. Mobility: SPPB, TUG, 6MWT, 30 sec sitting and standing test. | The BP was reduced more than in the CG, the BBS and FAB scores improved, the latter being higher than the CG, in the 6-min walk, the 30-second sitting and standing test, and TUG improved only in the IG and body fat content was reduced in GI, with no change in CG. |
6 weeks of Faroese chain dance training had beneficial effects, significantly improving postural balance, physical function and overall health. | ||||
4. Noopud, P., et al. (Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 2019; 31(7): 961–967) | n = 43 (43 m); EG (22) and CG (21); Mean = 60–80 years | (RCT) 12 weeks 3/week 30–60 min/session | 2 evaluations (pre/post intervention). Functional Balance (FB): standardized tests of the NeuroCom Balance Master® system. SQT assesses agility and balance, balance and time of movement and WA, walking speed, stride width and length. The TUG test assesses agility. BBS that assesses FB | Improvements in Balance (TTDG) in EG. Significantly lower rocking speed and faster weight transfer in SS test (p ≤ 0.001) and TTDG. Faster turning time in SQT (p ≤ 0.001), improved SO and WA, with faster movement times, gait speed and a better score on TUG after training (p ≤ 0.001). |
Adherence: 88.3% | Thai traditional dance could potentially prevent age-related mobility and balance and related risk of falls. | |||
5. Brustio, P., et al. (Geriatric Nursing2018; 39(6): 635-639) | n = 163 (40 m,123w); Mean ± SD = 70 ± 4 years | 16 weeks 2/week 60 min/session 10’ warm up. 40’ (slowly waltz, tango and foxtrot, polka, mazurka, and bachata or country) 10’ cooling (breathing exercises). | 2 evaluations (pre/post intervention). Movility: TUG, TUGM, FSS. | Improvements (p < 0.05) in the mobility of a single task as in that of two tasks. Reduction in 9.84% (TUG), 9.12% (FSS) and 8.14% (TUGM) of t'. Dual task skills improve and 6.58% improve the physical components and 5.75% the mental ones. |
Adherence: 85% | The individual/pair dance has positive effects on the mobility of one or double tasks. | |||
6. Bennett, C. G., & Hackney, M. E. (Disability and Rehabilitation 2018; 40 (11): 1259–1265) | n = 23 (3 m, 20w); EG (12) and CG (11); Mean = 65–93 years | (RCT) 8 weeks 2/week 60 min/session 10’ warm up 40’ Main part of session 10’ cooling Intensity: medium | 2 evaluations (pre/post intervention) Balance in daily tasks with the BBS. The strength of the knee extensors and knee flexors of the dominant side Lower extremities: SPPB. Gait speed and mobility limitations: 400m walk test. The limitation of perceived mobility: PCD. | The self-reported difficulty of climbing stairs was reduced but not the difficulty of walking 400 m. 8 weeks of line dancing improved knee muscle strength, lower extremity function, gait speed, endurance, and perceived mobility limitations. |
Adherence: 80% | Line dancing involves socializing, which can increase enjoyment and adherence. It involves dynamic control of balance and large muscle groups in the lower extremities to improve physical function and reduce mobility limitations. | |||
7. Rodacki, A. L. F. et al. (Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation 2017; 33 (4): 244–249) | n = 30 (30 w); EG (15) mean ± SD = 69.1 ± 6.6 years and CG (15) mean ± SD = 71.5 ± 7.5 years | (RCT) 8 weeks 3/week 60 min/session 10’ warm up 40’ specific dance (boleros, waltzes and typical Brazilian dances “Forró” and “Sertanejo”) 10’ cooling Intensity: 60–70% FCmáx. | 2 evaluations (pre/post intervention) Functional performance: 6MWT, TT and TUG; length of COP, the mean oscillation speed, the area of oscillation of HR and the dynamic equilibrium with the test of the steps. | Functional performance improved in the Tinetti test, TUG and 6 min walk; the static equilibrium in the path length of the COP, the oscillation speed and the medium frequency oscillation area, and the dynamic equilibrium. CG remained unchanged. |
Ballroom dance-based training is an attractive stimulus for older adults. They improved the static and dynamic conditions of balance and functional performance, thus helping to prevent falls. | ||||
8. Cruz-Ferreira, A. et al. (Research on Aging 2015; 37(8):837–855) | n = 57 (57w); EG (32) and CG (25); Mean = 65–80 years | (RCT) 24 weeks 3/week 50’/ session 15’ warm-up 25’ main part of session (exercises of balance, agility, strength, flexibility and coordination) 10’ cooling (relaxation and breathing). Creative Dance (CD): they associate images with corporal expression. | Evaluation: middle and final intervention. SFT, 6MWT, flexibility with chair sit-down test, motor agility/dynamic balance through 8-foot rise and fall test, and body composition. | Differences between CE and CG (p < 0.05) post-intervention. The GE better physical condition than GC, also improving strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, motor agility and dynamic balance. Better EC than CG (Friedman Test) (p < 0.05) post-intervention. |
Adherence: 85% | 21% lower limb strength, 10% aerobic resistance and 13% lower limb flexibility and dynamic balance, 4% weight, 8% waist circumference and 5% BMI. The CG did not show improvement in physical fitness after the intervention. | |||
9. Granacher, U., et al. (Gerontology 2012; 58(4): 305–312) | n = 28 (w y m); EG (14) and CG (14); Mean = 63–82 years | (RCT) 8 weeks 2/week 60 min/session 10’ warm-up (static and dynamic balance exercises in salsa), 45’ salsa (individual and in pairs) 5’ cool-down. | 2 evaluations (pre/post intervention). CDT and MMSE test. Static postural control by balancing on one leg on a balance platform. Dynamic postural control: walking on a pressure-sensitive instrumentalized walkway. Leg extensor power: countermovement jump on force platform. | The salsa-based intervention program is safe, feasible, and enjoyable for older adults. It improves static postural control, especially the dynamic one, helping prevent falls. More specific training is needed to improve space-time gait variability and muscle power. |
Adherence: 92.5% | Stride speed, length and time improved significantly. It did not affect various measures of gait variability and leg extensor power. |
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Rodríguez, B.; Paris-Garcia, F. Influence of Dance Programmes on Gait Parameters and Physical Parameters of the Lower Body in Older People: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031547
Rodríguez B, Paris-Garcia F. Influence of Dance Programmes on Gait Parameters and Physical Parameters of the Lower Body in Older People: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031547
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodríguez, Bárbara, and Federico Paris-Garcia. 2022. "Influence of Dance Programmes on Gait Parameters and Physical Parameters of the Lower Body in Older People: A Systematic Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031547