Attitudes of Students of Social Sciences and Humanities towards People with Physical Disabilities (MAS-PL)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- -
- factors related to the civilization development promoting the concept of recognition of the dignity of every human being;
- -
- culturally conditioned factors, i.e., a system of norms, values, religion, traditions, customs, and legal norms acquired in the process of socialization of the individual;
- -
- factors related to the broad-sense socio-economic system. The sense of security of one’s existence has a positive effect on attitudes towards people in need. Opportunities and changes in the economic situation may cause attitudes of avoidance or acceptance towards people with disabilities;
- -
- factors related to the system of human values, e.g., attitudes of tolerance, acceptance of people with disabilities. The system of norms and patterns of behaviour, the hierarchy of values, and the possibility of manifesting one’s choices and feelings determine the personality of a person and his/her assessment of people and events.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Questionnaire
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Socio-Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Verification of the Reliability of the MAS-PL Scale
3.3. Attitudes of the Surveyed Students towards Disabled People
3.4. Attitudes of the Respondents towards Disabled People versus Socio-Demographic Variables
4. Discussion
4.1. Attitudes towards Disabled People versus Socio-Demographic Variables
4.1.1. Attitudes towards Disability versus Respondents’ Sex
4.1.2. Attitudes towards Disability versus Respondents’ Age
4.1.3. Attitudes towards Disability versus Respondents’ Education Level
4.1.4. Attitudes towards Disability versus the Place of Residence
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Variable | n | % |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 366 | 67.8 |
Male | 174 | 32.2 |
Place of residence | ||
city | 263 | 48.7 |
village | 277 | 51.3 |
Year of study | ||
1st | 247 | 45.7 |
2nd | 149 | 27.6 |
3rd or higher | 144 | 26.7 |
Major | ||
National Security | 113 | 20.9 |
Economics | 83 | 15.4 |
Pedagogy | 95 | 17.6 |
Finance and Accounting | 88 | 16.3 |
Management | 52 | 9.6 |
Philology | 69 | 12.8 |
Sociology | 40 | 7.4 |
MAS Factors | Affects | Cognition | Behaviours |
---|---|---|---|
He/she looks friendly (cognition 4) | 0.853 | ||
We may get along really well (cognition 3) | 0.847 | ||
I enjoy meeting new people (cognition 5) | 0.808 | ||
I can always talk with him/her about things that interest both of us (cognition 7) | 0.808 | ||
He/she looks like an OK person (cognition 2) | 0.805 | ||
Why not get to know him/her better? (cognition 9) | 0.788 | ||
I can make him/her feel more comfortable. (cognition 8) | 0.766 | ||
He/she will enjoy getting to know me (cognition 6) | 0.749 | ||
He/she seems to be an interesting boy/girl (cognition 1) | 0.746 | ||
Start a conversation (behaviour 8) | 0.653 | 0.167 | |
He/she will appreciate it if I start a conversation (cognition 10) | 0.611 | −0.140 | |
Initiate a conversation if he/she doesn’t make the first move (behaviour 7) | 0.539 | 0.126 | |
Serenity (emotion 7) | 0.520 | 0.304 | −0.160 |
Calmness (emotion 8) | 0.374 | 0.478 | −0.269 |
Alertness (emotion 16) | −0.318 | 0.164 | 0.263 |
Pity (emotion 14) | −0.302 | 0.374 | 0.128 |
Stress (emotion 2) | 0.802 | 0.102 | |
Nervousness (emotion 4) | 0.791 | 0.157 | |
Upset (emotion 11) | 0.789 | 0.251 | |
Fear (emotion 10) | 0.732 | 0.197 | |
Tension (emotion 1) | 0.713 | ||
Helplessness (emotion 3) | 0.683 | 0.207 | |
Shame (emotion 5) | 0.667 | 0.137 | |
Shyness (emotion 13) | −0.147 | 0.588 | 0.140 |
Depression (emotion 9) | 0.544 | 0.308 | |
Guilt (emotion 12) | 0.486 | 0.327 | |
Disgust (emotion 15) | 0.226 | 0.381 | 0.456 |
Relaxation (emotion 6) | 0.278 | 0.332 | −0.319 |
Get up and leave (behaviour 2) | 0.166 | 0.162 | 0.756 |
Move to another table (behaviour 6) | 0.167 | 0.164 | 0.732 |
Read the newspaper or talk on a cell phone (behaviour 3) | 0.190 | 0.728 | |
Find an excuse to leave (behaviour 5) | 0.284 | 0.705 | |
Move away (behaviour 1) | 0.297 | 0.661 | |
Continue what he/she was doing (behaviour 4) | −0.264 | 0.127 | 0.478 |
Variance explained | 7.717 | 5.784 | 3.781 |
Cronbach’s alpha | 0.898 | 0.871 | 0.840 |
MAS-PL | Possible Range | Min–Max | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | S-W Test |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Global score | 34–170 | 39–136 | 82.79 | 16.33 | −0.022 | −0.127 | 0.3752 |
Affective subscale | 16–80 | 18–68 | 40.18 | 10.04 | 0.227 | −0.566 | 0.0002 |
Cognitive subscale | 10–50 | 10–50 | 24.29 | 8.18 | 0.254 | −0.387 | <0.0001 |
Behavioural subscale | 8–40 | 8–36 | 18.31 | 5.30 | 0.388 | −0.099 | <0.0001 |
MAS-PL | Global Score | Affective Subscale | Cognitive Subscale | Behavioural Subscale | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs | p | rs | p | rs | p | rs | p | |
Global score | - | - | 0.75 | <0.0001 * | 0.58 | <0.0001 * | 0.71 | <0.0001 * |
Affective subscale | 0.75 | <0.0001 * | - | - | 0.04 | 0.9620 | 0.43 | <0.0001 * |
Cognitive subscale | 0.58 | <0.0001 * | 0.04 | 0.9620 | - | - | 0.25 | <0.0001 * |
Behavioural subscale | 0.71 | <0.0001 * | 0.43 | <0.0001 * | 0.25 | <0.0001 * | - | - |
Major | Global Score | Affective Subscale | Cognitive Subscale | Behavioural Subscale | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
National Security | 113 | 79.53 | 13.37 | 38.46 | 9.14 | 23.61 | 7.84 | 17.46 | 4.75 |
Finance and Accounting | 88 | 82.16 | 15.88 | 40.78 | 10.28 | 23.17 | 7.16 | 18.20 | 5.68 |
Economics | 83 | 82.82 | 17.29 | 41.25 | 10.53 | 22.84 | 7.30 | 18.72 | 5.11 |
Management | 52 | 83.29 | 20.68 | 37.79 | 9.82 | 26.27 | 9.65 | 19.23 | 6.20 |
Pedagogy | 95 | 83.94 | 15.79 | 41.60 | 9.04 | 24.15 | 7.95 | 18.19 | 5.22 |
Philology | 69 | 84.88 | 15.91 | 40.25 | 11.04 | 26.01 | 9.40 | 18.62 | 5.60 |
Sociology | 40 | 86.33 | 17.92 | 41.13 | 11.11 | 26.50 | 8.30 | 18.70 | 4.64 |
Total | 540 | 82.79 | 16.33 | 40.18 | 10.04 | 24.29 | 8.18 | 18.31 | 5.30 |
MAS-PL | Man | Woman | Total | Mann-Whitney U Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Z | p | |
Global score | 83.63 | 15.68 | 82.39 | 16.63 | 82.79 | 16.3 | 0.85 | 0.3948 |
Affective subscale | 38.36 | 9.92 | 41.05 | 9.99 | 40.18 | 10.0 | −2.77 | 0.0056 * |
Cognitive subscale | 26.06 | 7.49 | 23.45 | 8.37 | 24.29 | 8.2 | 3.64 | 0.0003 * |
Behavioural subscale | 19.21 | 5.19 | 17.89 | 5.30 | 18.31 | 5.3 | 3.09 | 0.0020 * |
MAS-PL | Age | Year of Study | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
rs | p | rs | p | |
Global score | −0.01 | 0.8387 | 0.12 | 0.0061 * |
Affective subscale | 0.04 | 0.3110 | 0.19 | <0.0001 * |
Cognitive subscale | −0.07 | 0.0978 | −0.03 | 0.4670 |
Behavioural subscale | −0.03 | 0.4513 | 0.07 | 0.0828 |
MAS-PL | City | Village | Total | Mann-Whitney U Test | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Z | p | |
Global score | 82.94 | 16.74 | 82.64 | 15.95 | 82.79 | 16.33 | −0.09 | 0.9270 |
Affective subscale | 40.57 | 9.91 | 39.81 | 10.17 | 40.18 | 10.04 | 0.91 | 0.3631 |
Cognitive subscale | 24.03 | 8.40 | 24.54 | 7.97 | 24.29 | 8.18 | −0.99 | 0.3237 |
Behavioural subscale | 18.34 | 5.40 | 18.29 | 5.21 | 18.31 | 5.30 | 0.12 | 0.9017 |
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Tomczyszyn, D.; Pańczuk, A.; Szepeluk, A. Attitudes of Students of Social Sciences and Humanities towards People with Physical Disabilities (MAS-PL). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031544
Tomczyszyn D, Pańczuk A, Szepeluk A. Attitudes of Students of Social Sciences and Humanities towards People with Physical Disabilities (MAS-PL). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031544
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomczyszyn, Dorota, Anna Pańczuk, and Adam Szepeluk. 2022. "Attitudes of Students of Social Sciences and Humanities towards People with Physical Disabilities (MAS-PL)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031544