Noise Disturbance and Well-Being in the North of Spain
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
WHO-5 | Urban | Rural | p Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average | >50 | Average | >50 | Average | >50 | |
Men | 62.7 | 72% | 63.8 | 79% | 0.883 | 0.594 |
Women | 61.1 | 76% | 63.0 | 71% | 0.571 | 0.675 |
Not at All | Slightly | Moderately | Extremely | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | Total | Rural | Urban | |
Road traffic (cars, buses, etc.) | 35.5% | 49.2% | 32.5% | 38.3% | 32.2% | 39.6% | 19.9% | 13.6% | 21.2% | 6.2% | 5.1% | 6.7% |
Train traffic | 83.9% | 75.4% | 86.1% | 8.5% | 14.8% | 7.0% | 3.2% | 8.2% | 2.2% | 4.4% | 1.6% | 4.8% |
Flight traffic | 77.2% | 68.3% | 79.4% | 13.6% | 25.0% | 11.0% | 3.8% | 3.3% | 4.0% | 5.3% | 3.3% | 5.5% |
Street works | 38.0% | 48.4% | 35.2% | 31.6% | 29.0% | 32.2% | 22.3% | 17.7% | 23.5% | 8.1% | 4.8% | 9.1% |
Industry | 87.2% | 88.9% | 87.3% | 8.8% | 6.3% | 8.9% | 3.4% | 1.6% | 3.9% | 0.6% | 3.2% | 0.0% |
Bars, pubs | 69.2% | 82.0% | 66.7% | 16.5% | 11.5% | 17.2% | 9.3% | 4.9% | 10.1% | 5.1% | 1.6% | 6.0% |
People in the street | 42.7% | 59.0% | 39.2% | 39.7% | 34.4% | 40.7% | 10.4% | 4.9% | 11.6% | 7.2% | 1.6% | 8.6% |
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Please Respond to Each Item by Marking One Box per Row, Regarding How You Felt in the Last Two Weeks. | All of the Time (5) | Most of the Time (4) | More Than Half the Time (3) | Less Than Half the Time (2) | Some of the Time (1) | At No Time (0) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WHO-1 | I have felt cheerful in good spirits. | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ |
WHO-2 | I have felt calm and relaxed. | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ |
WHO-3 | I have felt active and vigorous. | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ |
WHO-4 | I woke up feeling fresh and rested. | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ |
WHO-5 | My daily life has been filled with things that interest me. | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ | ⃝ |
Total | Men | Women | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | |
18–44 years | 37 | 140 | 18 | 56 | 19 | 84 |
45–64 years | 14 | 56 | 1 | 18 | 13 | 38 |
65+ years | 8 | 61 | 5 | 23 | 3 | 38 |
Never | Yes, Sometimes | Yes, Often | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average | SD | Max. | Min. | Average | SD | Max. | Min. | Average | SD | Max. | Min. | |
Difficult to hear radio/TV | 64.5 | 18.3 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 57.8 | 19.9 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 47.0 | 21.5 | 80.0 | 28.0 |
Telephone calls being affected | 64.6 | 18.0 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 52.1 | 20.4 | 100.0 | 20.0 | 42.5 | 16.8 | 72.0 | 28.0 |
Conversations at home being affected | 64.3 | 18.4 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 51.8 | 19.5 | 84.0 | 20.0 | 42.0 | 14.7 | 64.0 | 28.0 |
Rest/relaxation being disturbed | 66.5 | 18.2 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 54.5 | 18.0 | 96.0 | 16.0 | 48.7 | 17.6 | 80.0 | 32.0 |
Difficulties in sleeping | 66.1 | 17.9 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 50.5 | 17.6 | 88.0 | 16.0 | 47.0 | 18.3 | 80.0 | 28.0 |
Being woken up | 65.6 | 18.1 | 100.0 | 12.0 | 53.7 | 18.9 | 96.0 | 16.0 | 52.0 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 32.0 |
Variables | OR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Age | 0.960 (0.939–0.981) | <0.001 | |
Noise from sources inside the building | Scraping sound/footsteps/thumping/similar sounds from neighbors | 1.647 (1.142–2.375) | 0.008 | |
Noise from sources outside the building | Disturbed by train traffic | 2.234 (1.136–4.394) | 0.02 | |
Disturbed by outside street/plaza noise | 1.846 (1.236–2.758) | 0.003 | ||
Effect of noise | Difficulties in sleeping | 2.184 (1.137–4.194) | 0.019 | |
Men | Disturbed by noise from sources outside the building | Street/construction works | 1.870 (1.128–3.099) | 0.015 |
Bars, pubs | 2.104 (1.183–3.741) | 0.011 | ||
Women | Age | 0.951 (0.924–0.980) | 0.001 | |
Disturbed by noise from sources inside the building | Impact noises: footsteps/knocks/others | 1.987 (1.234–3.199) | 0.005 | |
Disturbed by noise from sources outside the building | Train traffic | 3.343 (1.209–9.245) | 0.02 |
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Santurtún, M.; García Tárrago, M.J.; Fdez-Arroyabe, P.; Zarrabeitia, M.T. Noise Disturbance and Well-Being in the North of Spain. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416457
Santurtún M, García Tárrago MJ, Fdez-Arroyabe P, Zarrabeitia MT. Noise Disturbance and Well-Being in the North of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(24):16457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416457
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanturtún, Maite, María José García Tárrago, Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe, and María T. Zarrabeitia. 2022. "Noise Disturbance and Well-Being in the North of Spain" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24: 16457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416457
APA StyleSanturtún, M., García Tárrago, M. J., Fdez-Arroyabe, P., & Zarrabeitia, M. T. (2022). Noise Disturbance and Well-Being in the North of Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416457