Dietary Problems Are Associated with Frailty Status in Older People with Fewer Teeth in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Measurements and Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants | ≥20 Teeth | <20 Teeth | p-Value a | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 160 | n = 63 | n = 97 | ||
Frailty | 26.9% | 15.9% | 34.0% | 0.011 b |
Frailty items | ||||
Weight loss | 17.5% | 7.9% | 23.7% | 0.010 b |
Inability to do five chair stands | 21.9% | 9.5% | 29.9% | 0.002 b |
Reduced SE | 68.1% | 69.8% | 67.0% | 0.707 b |
Dietary problem | ||||
Low appetite | 22.5% | 20.6% | 23.7% | 0.702 b |
Eating alone | 46.9% | 34.9% | 54.6% | 0.016 b |
Number of teeth present (median (25–75%)) | 16 (2–22) | 24 (21–27) | 3 (0–12) | <0.001 d |
Age (median (25–75%)) | 82 (79–86) | 79 (76–83) | 84 (80–88) | <0.001 d |
Female | 72.5% | 68.3% | 75.3% | 0.332 b |
Education | ||||
≤9 years | 50.0% | 33.3% | 60.8% | <0.001 b |
10–12 years | 33.1% | 38.1% | 29.9% | |
≥13 years | 16.9% | 28.6% | 9.3% | |
Single/never married | 54.4% | 36.5% | 66.0% | <0.001 b |
Living alone | 29.4% | 19.0% | 36.1% | 0.021 b |
Care situation | ||||
Independent | 66.2% | 82.5% | 55.6% | <0.001 b |
Requiring assistance | 13.8% | 11.1% | 15.5% | |
Requiring long-term care | 20.0% | 6.3% | 28.9% | |
No ability to fill out forms by oneself | 39.4% | 20.6% | 51.5% | <0.001 b |
Smoking | ||||
Never | 80.0% | 77.8% | 81.4% | 0.781 b |
Past | 15.0% | 15.9% | 14.5% | |
Current | 5.0% | 6.3% | 4.1% | |
High alcohol consumption (≥3 drinks per day) | 5.0% | 6.3% | 4.1% | 0.528 b |
Cognitive decline *1 | 18.4% | 4.8% | 38.5% | <0.001 c |
Medication (≥3 per day) | 74.4% | 38.1% | 82.5% | <0.001 b |
CCI (median (25–75%)) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.005 d |
n | Frailty | p-Value | Frailty Items | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight Loss | p-Value | Inability to Do Five Chair Stands | p-Value | Reduced SE | p-Value | ||||
<20 teeth | |||||||||
Appetite | |||||||||
High | 74 | 28.4% | 0.035 a | 17.6% | 0.011 a | 29.7% | 0.949 a | 60.8% | 0.002 a |
Low | 23 | 52.2% | 43.5% | 30.4% | 87.0% | ||||
Eating alone | |||||||||
No | 44 | 31.8% | 0.677 a | 25.0% | 0.786 a | 25.0% | 0.337 a | 52.3% | 0.005 a |
Yes | 53 | 35.8% | 22.6% | 34.0% | 79.2% | ||||
≥20 teeth | |||||||||
Appetite | |||||||||
High | 50 | 12.0% | 0.194 b | 8.0% | 1.00 b | 6.0% | 0.096 b | 66.0% | 0.311 b |
Low | 13 | 30.8% | 7.7% | 23.1% | 84.6% | ||||
Eating alone | |||||||||
No | 41 | 12.2% | 0.299 b | 9.8% | 0.650 b | 4.9% | 0.171 b | 63.4% | 0.159 b |
Yes | 22 | 22.7% | 4.5% | 18.2% | 81.8% |
n | Frailty | p-Value | Frailty Items | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight Loss | p-Value | Inability to Do Five Chair Stands | p-Value | Reduced SE | p-Value | ||||
<20 teeth | |||||||||
Do you always enjoy your meals? | |||||||||
Yes | 92 | 31.5% | 0.044 b | 21.7% | 0.085 b | 30.4% | 1.00 b | 65.2% | 0.168 b |
No | 5 | 80.0% | 60.0% | 20.0% | 100.0% | ||||
Is it important to eat delicious food on weekdays? | |||||||||
Yes | 86 | 33.7% | 0.862 a | 22.1% | 0.295 a | 31.4% | 0.497 b | 65.1% | 0.329 b |
No | 11 | 36.4% | 36.4% | 18.2% | 81.8% | ||||
Is it important to eat delicious food on weekends? | |||||||||
Yes | 73 | 37.0% | 0.282 a | 23.3% | 0.864 a | 37.0% | 0.009 b | 65.8% | 0.646 a |
No | 24 | 25.0% | 25.0% | 8.3% | 70.8% | ||||
Do you always try to eat delicious food on weekdays? | |||||||||
Yes | 71 | 35.2% | 0.683 a | 23.9% | 0.929 a | 32.4% | 0.375 a | 59.2% | 0.007 b |
No | 26 | 30.8% | 23.1% | 23.1% | 88.5% | ||||
Do you always try to eat delicious food on weekends? | |||||||||
Yes | 60 | 33.3% | 0.856 a | 21.7% | 0.547 a | 35.0% | 0.162 a | 63.3% | 0.327 a |
No | 37 | 35.1% | 27.0% | 21.6% | 73.0% | ||||
≥20 teeth | |||||||||
Do you always enjoy your meals? | |||||||||
Yes | 58 | 17.2% | 0.583 b | 8.6% | 1.00 b | 10.3% | 1.00 b | 67.2% | 0.311 b |
No | 5 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 100.0% | ||||
Is it important to eat delicious food on weekdays? | |||||||||
Yes | 58 | 17.2% | 0.583 b | 8.6% | 1.00 b | 10.3% | 1.00 b | 72.4% | 0.156 b |
No | 5 | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 40.0% | ||||
Is it important to eat delicious food on weekends? | |||||||||
Yes | 35 | 17.1% | 1.00 b | 8.6% | 1.00 b | 11.4% | 0.684 b | 74.3% | 0.390 a |
No | 28 | 14.3% | 7.1% | 7.1% | 64.3% | ||||
Do you always try to eat delicious food on weekdays? | |||||||||
Yes | 43 | 18.6% | 0.481 b | 7.0% | 0.649 b | 11.6% | 0.404 b | 69.8% | 0.985 a |
No | 20 | 10.0% | 10.0% | 5.0% | 70.0% | ||||
Do you always try to eat delicious food on weekends? | |||||||||
Yes | 27 | 18.5% | 0.733 b | 7.4% | 1.00 b | 11.1% | 1.00 b | 74.1% | 0.526 a |
No | 36 | 13.9% | 8.3% | 8.3% | 66.7% |
Frailty Items | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Frailty | Weight Loss | Inability to Do Five Chair Stands | Reduced SE | |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||||
<20 teeth | ||||
Low appetite (ref. high) | 3.84 (1.27–11.64) * | 4.34 (1.38–13.66) * | 1.33 (0.43–4.17) | 3.95 (1.03–15.10) * |
Eating alone (ref. no) | 0.98 (0.40–2.45) | 0.66 (0.24–1.79) | 1.31 (0.49–3.48) | 3.48 (1.37–8.83) * |
Attitudes toward enjoyment of eating | ||||
Do you always enjoy your meals? (ref. yes) | 13.50 (1.12–162.90) * | 7.03 (0.90–54.91) | 0.70 (0.07–7.51) | N/A † |
Is it important to eat delicious food on weekends? (ref. yes) | 0.49 (0.15–1.58) | 1.00 (0.31–3.30) | 0.98 (0.04–1.96) | 1.36 (0.47–3.97) |
Do you always try to eat delicious food on weekdays? (ref. yes) | 1.07 (0.38–2.97) | 1.21 (0.40–3.70) | 0.74 (0.24–2.28) | 6.34 (1.63–24.67) * |
≥20 teeth | ||||
Low appetite (ref. high) | 2.42 (0.36–16.17) | 1.89 (0.11–32.64) | 3.36 (0.28–40.58) | 2.60 (0.43–15.87) |
Eating alone (ref. no) | 0.77 (0.12–4.75) | 0.16 (0.01–3.53) | 2.16 (0.23–20.37) | 1.87 (0.49–7.20) |
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Miyano, T.; Kaneko, R.; Kimura, T.; Maruoka, M.; Kishimura, A.; Kato, K.; Furuta, M.; Yamashita, Y. Dietary Problems Are Associated with Frailty Status in Older People with Fewer Teeth in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 16260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316260
Miyano T, Kaneko R, Kimura T, Maruoka M, Kishimura A, Kato K, Furuta M, Yamashita Y. Dietary Problems Are Associated with Frailty Status in Older People with Fewer Teeth in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(23):16260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316260
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiyano, Takashi, Ryosuke Kaneko, Toshihide Kimura, Misa Maruoka, Akihiro Kishimura, Koichiro Kato, Michiko Furuta, and Yoshihisa Yamashita. 2022. "Dietary Problems Are Associated with Frailty Status in Older People with Fewer Teeth in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23: 16260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316260