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Volume 19
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Article

Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial

by
Luis De Sousa-De Sousa
1,
Hugo G. Espinosa
2,
Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz
1,
Maria del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
3,
Sara Cerrolaza-Tudanca
4,
Manuel Rozalén-Bustín
4,
Samuel Fernández-Carnero
5,* and
Pablo García-Fernández
1
1
Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
3
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
4
Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain
5
Physiotherapy and Pain Group, Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Alcalá University, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14620; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620
Submission received: 16 October 2022 / Revised: 3 November 2022 / Accepted: 5 November 2022 / Published: 7 November 2022
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Abstract

Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically those belonging to the Spanish Paralympic swimming committee. The study was a randomized, single-blind, and observer-blind, crossover clinical trial. Six athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: one treated with CRET (A); a placebo group (B) and a control group (C). The CRET group attended a twenty-minute session before being subjected to pool trials at distances of 50 and 100 m at maximum performance. Measurements were in two dimensions: time in seconds and the Borg scale for perceived exertion. Comparisons between groups were made with respect to distance and the main variables. In the case of perceived exertion, no significant changes were observed in any of the distances; however, in the case of the time variable, a significant difference was observed between Group A vs. Personal Record at 100 m distance (76.3 ± 6.8 vs. 68.4 ± 3.3). The proposed protocol and level of hyperthermia applied suggest refusal of CRET use for the 100-m distance a few minutes before sports practice. Our analysis suggests the need to modify the presented protocol. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier under NCT number: NCT04336007.
Keywords: diathermy; paralympic athlete; performance; time trials; swimming diathermy; paralympic athlete; performance; time trials; swimming

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MDPI and ACS Style

De Sousa-De Sousa, L.; Espinosa, H.G.; Maté-Muñoz, J.L.; Lozano-Estevan, M.d.C.; Cerrolaza-Tudanca, S.; Rozalén-Bustín, M.; Fernández-Carnero, S.; García-Fernández, P. Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620

AMA Style

De Sousa-De Sousa L, Espinosa HG, Maté-Muñoz JL, Lozano-Estevan MdC, Cerrolaza-Tudanca S, Rozalén-Bustín M, Fernández-Carnero S, García-Fernández P. Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620

Chicago/Turabian Style

De Sousa-De Sousa, Luis, Hugo G. Espinosa, Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz, Maria del Carmen Lozano-Estevan, Sara Cerrolaza-Tudanca, Manuel Rozalén-Bustín, Samuel Fernández-Carnero, and Pablo García-Fernández. 2022. "Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620

APA Style

De Sousa-De Sousa, L., Espinosa, H. G., Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Lozano-Estevan, M. d. C., Cerrolaza-Tudanca, S., Rozalén-Bustín, M., Fernández-Carnero, S., & García-Fernández, P. (2022). Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14620. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620

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