Variation in Road Dust Heavy Metal Concentration, Pollution, and Health Risk with Distance from the Factories in a City–Industry Integration Area, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Collection
2.3. Sample Preparation and Heavy Metal Analysis
2.4. Quality Assurance and Quality Control
2.5. Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment
2.6. Health Risk Assessment Model
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Dust Heavy Metal Concentrations
3.2. Spatial Distribution of Dust Heavy Metal Concentrations with Distance from the Three Factories
3.3. Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment
3.4. Human Health Risk Assessment
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Factory Type on Dust Heavy Metal Concentrations
4.2. Factors Affecting the Spatial Distribution of Dust Heavy Metal Concentrations
4.3. Effects of Various Heavy Metal Concentrations on Spatial Distribution Characteristics for Pollution and Health Risk
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Items | Heavy Metals Concentrations/mg∙kg−1 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | Cd | Co | Cr | Cu | Hg | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | ||
F1 (n = 18) | Min | 4.73 | 0.21 | 4.69 | 34.35 | 9.51 | 0.040 | 252.88 | 12.94 | 51.25 | 99.07 |
Max | 37.79 | 1.37 | 15.36 | 68.89 | 43.86 | 0.349 | 501.05 | 83.40 | 94.55 | 337.67 | |
Mean | 10.81 | 0.49 | 7.64 | 50.90 | 21.65 | 0.098 | 364.55 | 30.65 | 69.12 | 184.86 | |
SD | 8.43 | 0.26 | 4.05 | 9.55 | 10.90 | 0.065 | 58.33 | 23.22 | 14.71 | 74.36 | |
CV/% | 78.02 | 53.93 | 52.97 | 18.75 | 50.36 | 65.77 | 16.00 | 75.76 | 21.28 | 40.23 | |
F2 (n = 18) | Min | 3.31 | 0.16 | 3.77 | 24.25 | 4.77 | 0.018 | 271.60 | 9.28 | 21.50 | 51.57 |
Max | 5.95 | 0.80 | 11.77 | 81.39 | 32.29 | 0.098 | 414.15 | 20.32 | 77.55 | 162.77 | |
Mean | 4.89 | 0.32 | 5.37 | 45.81 | 17.74 | 0.051 | 355.16 | 15.26 | 31.52 | 94.76 | |
SD | 0.76 | 0.16 | 1.80 | 18.32 | 9.46 | 0.025 | 51.16 | 3.46 | 12.54 | 31.04 | |
CV/% | 15.58 | 48.90 | 33.59 | 39.99 | 53.35 | 49.93 | 14.40 | 22.69 | 39.80 | 32.75 | |
F3 (n = 36) | Min | 0.77 | 0.07 | 1.82 | 9.19 | 7.13 | 0.010 | 150.15 | 6.27 | 10.83 | 17.17 |
Max | 9.00 | 2.43 | 7.60 | 54.47 | 34.44 | 0.248 | 470.83 | 29.01 | 66.62 | 193.97 | |
Mean | 5.44 | 0.63 | 4.98 | 35.22 | 16.93 | 0.061 | 383.59 | 16.34 | 32.93 | 94.46 | |
SD | 2.10 | 0.60 | 1.46 | 11.53 | 6.34 | 0.051 | 105.58 | 5.01 | 14.48 | 51.23 | |
CVs/% | 38.61 | 94.42 | 29.36 | 32.73 | 37.47 | 83.02 | 19.52 | 30.67 | 43.98 | 49.24 | |
Overall | 7.04 | 0.48 | 5.99 | 43.97 | 18.77 | 0.22 | 367.77 | 20.75 | 44.52 | 124.69 | |
Beijing [30] | 4.15 | 0.534 | - | 85.7 | 70.3 | 0.204 | 565 | 42.6 | 67 | 300 | |
Shanghai [31] | 9.4 | 0.46 | - | - | 132.1 | - | - | - | 105.6 | 473.5 | |
Guangzhou [32] | - | - | 6.90 | 64.3 | 102 | - | 411 | 23.6 | 84.1 | 384 | |
BCsoil [17] | 4.29 | 0.26 | 8.12 | 30.06 | 12.18 | 0.038 | 311.65 | 12.77 | 16.24 | 34.70 |
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Chen, Y.; Hu, Z.; Bai, H.; Shen, W. Variation in Road Dust Heavy Metal Concentration, Pollution, and Health Risk with Distance from the Factories in a City–Industry Integration Area, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114562
Chen Y, Hu Z, Bai H, Shen W. Variation in Road Dust Heavy Metal Concentration, Pollution, and Health Risk with Distance from the Factories in a City–Industry Integration Area, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114562
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yinan, Zhiqiang Hu, He Bai, and Wei Shen. 2022. "Variation in Road Dust Heavy Metal Concentration, Pollution, and Health Risk with Distance from the Factories in a City–Industry Integration Area, China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114562