Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Procedure, and Population
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Independent Variable: Vaping Frequency
2.2.2. Covariates
Smoking Status and Frequency
Sociodemographics
2.2.3. Outcome Measures
Reasons for Vaping: Survey Question | Outcome: Coding | Asked of Smokers/Ex-Smokers |
Vaping is less harmful to me than smoking | (0) no vs. (1) yes | Both |
Vaping is less harmful than smoking to other people around me | Both | |
I enjoy vaping | Both | |
I save money by vaping instead of smoking | Both | |
I like the e-liquid flavours | Both | |
Vaping is more acceptable than smoking | Both | |
I can vape in places where I can’t smoke | Both | |
Vaping helps me cut down on the number of cigarettes I smoke | Smokers only | |
Vaping might help me stop smoking ordinary cigarettes | Smokers only | |
Vaping might help me stay quit from smoking cigarettes | Ex-smokers only | |
Composite quit-reduce measure | (1) selected quitting smoking as a reason for vaping; (2) selected reducing number of cigarettes but did not select quitting smoking; (0) did not select reducing number of cigarettes or quitting smoking (selected other reasons only) | Smokers only |
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Study Results
3.2.1. Reasons for NVP Use among Current Smokers
3.2.2. Vaping for Smoking Reduction/Cessation versus Other Reasons among Current Smokers, Overall and by Country
3.2.3. Reasons for NVP Use among Ex-Smokers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Respondents N = 3070 | Daily NVP Use n = 1824 (59.4%) | Weekly NVP Use n = 1246 (40.6%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | % | % | |
Country of residence | ||||
Australia | 202 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.9 |
Canada | 927 | 30.2 | 25.8 | 36.6 |
England | 1300 | 42.4 | 44.4 | 39.4 |
United States | 641 | 20.9 | 22.8 | 18.1 |
Sex | ||||
Male | 1741 | 56.7 | 55.8 | 58.0 |
Female | 1329 | 43.3 | 44.2 | 42.0 |
Age | ||||
18–39 | 1882 | 61.3 | 57.7 | 66.5 |
40+ | 1188 | 38.7 | 42.3 | 33.5 |
Income | ||||
Low | 723 | 23.6 | 24.6 | 22.0 |
Moderate | 861 | 28.1 | 27.8 | 28.4 |
High | 1390 | 45.3 | 44.4 | 46.6 |
Not reported | 96 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
Education | ||||
Low | 593 | 19.3 | 21.5 | 16.1 |
Moderate | 1350 | 44.0 | 43.5 | 44.7 |
High | 1100 | 35.8 | 33.9 | 38.6 |
Not reported | 27 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 |
Smoking status | ||||
Daily smoking | 1828 | 59.5 | 57.3 | 62.8 |
Weekly smoking | 639 | 20.8 | 14.3 | 30.3 |
Former smoking (quit < 2 years) | 275 | 9.0 | 11.7 | 5.0 |
Former smoking (quit ≥ 2 years) | 328 | 10.7 | 16.7 | 1.9 |
Current Smokers | Ex-Smokers | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reasons for Vaping, % Yes Weighted (95%CI) | Daily Vaping (n = 1306) | Weekly Vaping (n = 1161) | Total (n = 2467) | Daily Vaping (n = 518) | Weekly Vaping (n = 85) | Total (n = 603) |
Vaping is less harmful to me than smoking | 73.9 (70.2–77.3) | 67.3 (63.5–70.9) | 70.9 (68.2–73.4) | 93.7 (90.1–96.1) | 84.0 (71.2–91.7) | 92.7 (89.1–95.1) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.37 (1.07–1.77) | Reference | 2.85 (1.20–6.76) | Reference | ||
Vaping is less harmful than smoking to other people around me | 77.4 (74.0–80.6) | 70.8 (67.0–74.4) | 74.5 (71.9–76.9) | 86.3 (80.3–90.6) | 76.8 (62.6–86.7) | 85.0 (79.8–89.1) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.41 (1.09–1.83) | Reference | 1.90 (0.81–4.47) | Reference | ||
I enjoy vaping | 83.6 (80.5–86.4) | 70.8 (67.0–74.4) | 78.2 (75.8–80.5) | 94.8 (92.0–96.6) | 83.8 (69.4–92.2) | 93.7 (90.9–95.7) |
aOR (95% CI) | 2.10 (1.58–2.80) | Reference | 3.50 (1.34–9.10) | Reference | ||
I save money by vaping instead of smoking | 74.1 (70.6–77.2) | 58.3 (54.2–62.3) | 67.0 (64.3–69.6) | 90.5 (86.3–93.6) | 84.5 (72.5–91.9) | 89.7 (85.7–92.7) |
aOR (95% CI) | 2.04 (1.61–2.60) | Reference | 1.76 (0.78–3.96) | Reference | ||
I like the e-liquid flavours | 75.4 (71.9–78.6) | 67.5 (63.6–71.3) | 71.9 (69.3–74.3) | 79.3 (73.8–84.0) | 76.5 (60.3–87.4) | 78.9 (73.8–83.3) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.48 (1.14–1.90) | Reference | 1.18 (0.52–2.69) | Reference | ||
Vaping is more acceptable than smoking | 72.2 (68.6–75.6) | 67.3 (63.4–71.0) | 69.9 (67.3–72.5) | 65.0 (58.5–70.9) | 68.9 (53.3–81.1) | 65.6 (59.8–70.9) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.26 (0.99–1.61) | Reference | 0.84 (0.40–1.75) | Reference | ||
I can vape in places where I can’t smoke | 67.2 (63.5–70.8) | 63.6 (59.6–67.4) | 65.5 (62.8–68.2) | 60.5 (54.1–66.5) | 59.3 (43.5–73.3) | 60.3 (54.4–65.9) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.17 (0.93–1.48) | Reference | 1.05 (0.53–2.10) | Reference | ||
Smoking Management | ||||||
Vaping helps me cut down on the number of cigarettes I smoke | 85.1 (82.2–87.6) | 76.2 (72.3–79.6) | 81.3 (78.9–83.5) | — | — | — |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.79 (1.34–2.38) | Reference | ||||
Vaping might help me stop smoking cigarettes | 76.7 (73.2–79.8) | 68.5 (64.5–72.2) | 73.0 (70.4–75.4) | |||
aOR (95% CI) | 1.51 (1.17–1.96) | Reference | — | — | — | |
Vaping might help me stay quit from smoking cigarettes | — | — | — | 93.0 (89.3–95.4) | 87.9 (71.4–95.5) | 92.3 (88.5–94.9) |
aOR (95% CI) | 1.82 (0.60–5.52) | Reference |
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Gravely, S.; Yong, H.-H.; Reid, J.L.; East, K.A.; Gartner, C.E.; Levy, D.T.; Cummings, K.M.; Borland, R.; Quah, A.C.K.; Bansal-Travers, M.; et al. Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114130
Gravely S, Yong H-H, Reid JL, East KA, Gartner CE, Levy DT, Cummings KM, Borland R, Quah ACK, Bansal-Travers M, et al. Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(21):14130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114130
Chicago/Turabian StyleGravely, Shannon, Hua-Hie Yong, Jessica L. Reid, Katherine A. East, Coral E. Gartner, David T. Levy, K. Michael Cummings, Ron Borland, Anne C. K. Quah, Maansi Bansal-Travers, and et al. 2022. "Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21: 14130. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114130